American Goldfinch

The American goldfinch, Spinus tristis, is a small and vibrant member of the finch family, notable for its dynamic plumage and migratory habits. This bird is unique among its relatives for undergoing a complete molt twice a year.

Identification Tips

Adult males in breeding plumage are easily identified by their bright yellow bodies, contrasting black caps, and white rump visible in flight. Females and non-breeding males are more subdued in color, with olive or brownish tones. Both sexes have conical beaks that turn bright orange in the spring, and their wings show distinctive black and white markings.

Habitat

These finches favor open spaces where weeds are abundant, such as meadows, fields, and floodplains. They can also be found in gardens, orchards, and along roadsides.

Distribution

The American goldfinch breeds from mid-Alberta to North Carolina and winters from the southern Canadian border to Mexico. It is a short-distance migrant, traveling in flocks to areas with ample food supply.

Behaviour

Outside of the breeding season, the American goldfinch is a social bird, often seen in large flocks. It exhibits a wave-like flight pattern and is known for its undulating flight calls. During nesting, the species becomes more territorial but aggression is typically short-lived.

Song & Calls

The goldfinch's song is a melodic series of warbles and twitters. Its common calls include a "tsee-tsi-tsi-tsit" in flight and a "po-ta-to-chip" contact call.

Breeding

Breeding begins late in the season, with courtship involving aerial displays and singing by males. Nests are built by females in trees or shrubs, and a single brood is raised each year. The species is monogamous and the male assists by providing food to the female and young.

Similar Species

The American goldfinch can be confused with other finches, but its unique molting pattern, vibrant breeding plumage in males, and distinct flight call set it apart.

Diet and Feeding

Primarily granivorous, the American goldfinch feeds on seeds from a variety of plants and occasionally consumes insects. It adeptly uses its feet to manipulate food sources, a behavior that aids in its survival.

Conservation status

The species is classified as Least Concern, with a large range and increasing population. Human activities such as deforestation have inadvertently created favorable habitats for the American goldfinch, contributing to its thriving status.