Twite

The Twite, Linaria flavirostris, is a small, brown passerine bird belonging to the finch family, Fringillidae. It bears a resemblance in size and shape to a linnet, measuring approximately 13 to 13.5 cm in length. Unlike its relatives, the Twite lacks the red head patch and breast seen in linnets and redpolls. Its upperparts are brown with black streaks, and it sports a distinctive pink rump. The underparts range from buff to whitish, also streaked with brown. Seasonally, its conical bill changes color from yellow in winter to grey in summer.

Identification Tips

When identifying the Twite, look for its lack of red markings, which distinguishes it from similar species. The pink rump is a key feature, along with the seasonal color change of its bill. Its streaked plumage is another characteristic to note.

Habitat

The Twite favors treeless moorland for its breeding grounds, a habitat that provides the open spaces and low vegetation it prefers.

Distribution

This bird has a breeding range that extends across northern Europe and the Palearctic to Siberia and China. It is partially resident, but many individuals migrate southward or to coastal regions outside the breeding season.

Behaviour

Outside of breeding times, Twites can be seen forming large flocks, sometimes intermingling with other finches on coasts and salt marshes.

Song & Calls

The Twite's call is a distinctive "twit," which is the origin of its name. Its song is composed of fast trills and twitters, adding a lively soundtrack to its habitat.

Breeding

During the breeding season, the Twite builds its nest in a bush and lays a clutch of 5–6 light blue eggs. The chosen moorland habitat provides a suitable backdrop for its reproductive activities.

Similar Species

The Twite may be confused with the linnet or redpolls due to their similar size and shape. However, the absence of red on the head and breast, as well as the pink rump, are distinguishing features.

Diet and Feeding

Primarily, the Twite's diet consists of seeds, which it forages from its moorland and coastal habitats.

Conservation status

The Twite is currently listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. However, it has experienced notable declines in certain areas, such as Ireland, and is the focus of several research projects in the UK to better understand its population dynamics and migratory strategies.