Brimstone Canary

The Brimstone Canary, also known as the Bully Canary, is a small, robust passerine bird belonging to the finch family. It is characterized by its heavy, conical bill, which is stout at the base and light brown with a pinkish or yellowish hue. The bird's plumage is a blend of yellow-green with dark green streaking, and it sports two yellow wing bars. The underparts are predominantly yellow, tinged with green on the flanks and breast. Males are typically more vibrant than females, with a more pronounced facial pattern and brighter wing bars.

Identification Tips

When identifying the Brimstone Canary, look for its 15-16 cm length and its distinctive bill, which is short and robust. The legs and feet are pinkish-brown. The bird's upper parts are yellow-green with streaks, and it has yellow-green ear coverts and a malar stripe. The rump may appear greenish, and the sexes are similar, though males are more vivid and have a larger bill. Juveniles are duller and less yellow below than adults.

Habitat

This species thrives in open, lightly wooded habitats, including hillsides with trees or scrub and forest edges. In South Africa, it is commonly found in coastal bush, shrubs along streams, gardens, and areas with dense vegetation.

Distribution

The Brimstone Canary is a resident breeder in central and southern Africa. It is not truly migratory but may exhibit some seasonal movements within its range.

Behaviour

The Brimstone Canary is less social than other canaries, often seen alone or in pairs, and sometimes in small groups. It is a familiar visitor to gardens.

Song & Calls

In the southern part of its range, the Brimstone Canary's call is a trilled, deep-pitched "swirriwirrit" or "chirrup." Its song is a complex mix of chirps, whistles, warbles, and trills, sharing the deep pitch of its call. Northern birds produce a faster, higher-pitched, and more melodious song.

Breeding

Breeding season for the Brimstone Canary spans from August to October. The nest is an open cup made from thin stems and other plant materials, lined with plant down, and situated in a leafy bush or tree.

Diet and Feeding

The diet consists of fruit, seeds, flowers, and shoots. The bird's stout bill is adept at cracking hard seed cases.

Conservation status

The Brimstone Canary is classified as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List, indicating it is not currently at significant risk of extinction in the wild.

Similar Species

Potential confusion may arise with the Yellow-fronted Canary, which is smaller-billed and has a more defined head pattern and a bright yellow rump. The Yellow Canary, which shares its range, is also similar in appearance.