Hawaii Creeper

The Hawaiʻi creeper, also known by its traditional Hawaiian name 'ʻalawī' (Loxops mana), is a small bird endemic to the Big Island of Hawaiʻi. It is characterized by its drab green plumage and measures a modest 4.5 inches (11 cm) in length.

Identification Tips

This species can be identified by its greenish coloration, which allows it to blend seamlessly with the foliage. Its short, sharp beak is adapted for probing beneath the bark of trees in search of insects.

Habitat

The Hawaiʻi creeper is found in both dry forests and montane moist forests, thriving at elevations ranging from 1,000 to 2,300 metres (3,300 to 7,500 ft).

Distribution

The bird is distributed across three main populations on the Big Island, with an estimated total of 12,000 individuals. A fourth group on the western part of the island is likely composed of migratory individuals from the established populations.

Behaviour

This bird exhibits a remarkable ability to climb up and down trees, akin to treecreepers. It is an adept forager, using its beak to deftly extract insects from under the bark.

Diet and Feeding

The Hawaiʻi creeper's diet consists primarily of insects found beneath tree bark. It also partakes in nectar from the koa (Acacia koa) and ʻōhiʻa lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha) when available.

Breeding

The breeding season spans from April to July. Females lay one to three eggs, which are incubated in nests concealed within tree cavities or constructed on high branches. The eggs hatch after approximately thirteen days.

Conservation Status

Listed as Endangered, the Hawaiʻi creeper has been on the endangered species list since 1975. Despite facing habitat degradation, the species has shown resilience in reproduction. However, it is under pressure from introduced animals, competing for food and falling prey to rats. Predation by rats is particularly concerning as it leads to rapid declines in population numbers. The species' nests, situated close to the forest floor, are vulnerable to these predators. Conservation efforts, particularly in the Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge, have been beneficial, not only for the Hawaiʻi creeper but for other native birds as well.