Eurasian Bullfinch

The Eurasian bullfinch, also known simply as the bullfinch in its native range, is a robust bird with a distinctive bull-headed appearance. It is a member of the finch family, Fringillidae, and is recognized by its grey upper parts and black flight feathers. The male is particularly striking with his rich red underparts.

Identification Tips

Adult males can be identified by their black cap and face, contrasting with their bright red underparts. Females and juveniles are more subdued, with grey-buff underparts. All ages have a white rump and wing bars that are quite noticeable in flight. The bill is short and thick, suited to their seed-eating habits.

Habitat

The Eurasian bullfinch prefers mixed woodlands with a good proportion of conifers. It is also commonly found in parklands and gardens, where it can nest and forage.

Distribution

This species is widespread across Europe and temperate Asia. While largely resident, northern populations may migrate southward during winter months.

Behaviour

Outside of breeding season, the Eurasian bullfinch is not known to form large flocks, typically seen in pairs or small family groups.

Song & Calls

The call of the Eurasian bullfinch is a soft, melancholic whistle, often transcribed as “peeu” or “pew.” Its song, which is a mix of scratchy warbles and soft whistles, is usually only heard at close range. Remarkably, with patience, these birds can be trained to mimic specific melodies.

Breeding

Nests are constructed in bushes or trees, with a preference for vegetation that is at least four meters in height and breadth. The female lays a clutch of four to seven pale blue, red-brown mottled eggs. The species is notable for its unusual spermatozoa structure and can produce multiple broods from early May to mid-July.

Diet and Feeding

The Eurasian bullfinch has a diet consisting mainly of seeds and buds from fruit trees, which can sometimes lead to conflicts with orchard keepers. In autumn and early winter, they show a preference for ash and hawthorn seeds. When provided with wild bird cover, they favor kale, quinoa, and millet.

Conservation status

The Eurasian bullfinch is currently listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List, indicating that it is not at immediate risk of population decline.