White-browed Wagtail

The White-browed Wagtail, or Large Pied Wagtail (Motacilla maderaspatensis), stands as the largest member of its family, reaching a length of 21 cm. This striking bird exhibits a black and white pattern, with a distinctive white brow, shoulder stripe, and outer tail feathers that contrast sharply against its black upperparts, head, and breast. The underparts are predominantly white, save for the black breast. Females display a slightly less intense black coloration, while juveniles bear a brown-grey hue in place of the adult's black.

Identification Tips

When identifying the White-browed Wagtail, look for its long, constantly wagging tail, a hallmark of the genus. The bird's black upperparts are complemented by a pronounced white supercilium and a large white wingbar. Unlike its relative, the White Wagtail, it never features white on the forehead. The rest of the underparts are white, making for a stark contrast.

Habitat

This species thrives in open freshwater wetland habitats and has shown a remarkable ability to adapt to urban environments. It is often seen perched on overhead water storages in residential buildings.

Distribution

Endemic to the Indian subcontinent, the White-browed Wagtail is a resident breeder found south of the Himalayas, east of the Indus system, and to the west of Bangladesh. It is typically seen below 1000 m in elevation but can be found up to 2200 m in southern India's hills. It is a rare winter visitor to Sri Lanka.

Behaviour

The White-browed Wagtail is commonly observed in pairs or small groups near water bodies. Active and vocal, especially in the mornings, they can be seen perching on various surfaces, from the ground to wires and buildings. Their flight is characterized by a bounding pattern, and they can reach speeds of around 40 km/h.

Song & Calls

The species' song is a complex and loud melody with a variety of notes. Its usual call is a distinctive wheezy "wheech."

Breeding

Breeding season spans from March to October, with the timing in southern India influenced by river levels and monsoon rains. Courtship involves the male performing an aerial display, followed by a series of postures and movements to attract the female. Nests are cup-shaped, built on the ground or artificial structures, and located near water. Clutches typically consist of three to five eggs.

Diet and Feeding

As an insectivorous bird, the White-browed Wagtail feeds on orthopterans, caterpillars, spiders, beetles, and bugs. It has adapted to urban settings where water sources are often found on rooftops.

Conservation status

The IUCN Red List classifies the White-browed Wagtail as Least Concern, indicating a stable population without significant threats to its survival.

Similar Species

While there are no similar species mentioned in the provided content, it is important to note that the White-browed Wagtail can be distinguished from other wagtails by its size, coloration, and habitat preferences.

In Culture

Historically in India, the White-browed Wagtail was kept as a cage bird for its singing abilities. It is associated with various cultural beliefs and is considered a symbol of good omen.