Yellow-browed Bulbul

The Yellow-browed Bulbul, or Acritillas indica, known also as the Golden-browed Bulbul, is a small, vibrant songbird belonging to the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. This species is adorned with a distinctive yellow brow and a predominantly yellow underside, contrasting with its olive upperparts. The bird measures approximately 20 cm in length and is characterized by a lack of crest, a black bill, and reddish-brown irises.

Identification Tips

To identify the Yellow-browed Bulbul, look for its prominent yellow brow and goggle, olive-green upperparts, and all-yellow underparts. The sexes are similar in plumage, making them indistinguishable in the field. The subspecies A. i. icterica from the northern Western Ghats is paler yellow compared to the southern populations, while the southwestern Sri Lankan subspecies A. i. guglielmi exhibits a greenish tinge on the underside.

Habitat

The Yellow-browed Bulbul is typically found below the forest canopy within the hill forests and plantations of the Western Ghats and Sri Lanka. It also inhabits parts of the Eastern Ghats, including the Kolli hills, Nallamalas, and regions around Tirupathi and Mamandur in Andhra Pradesh.

Distribution

This species is endemic to the forests of southern India and Sri Lanka, with three recognized subspecies varying slightly in coloration and distribution across their range.

Behaviour

These bulbuls are social, often found in pairs or small groups, and are known for their loud, distinctive calls. They tend to remain within the foliage, skulking below the forest canopy.

Song & Calls

The vocal repertoire includes a whistle-like call and sharp "pick-wick" notes, which can be heard echoing through their habitat.

Breeding

Breeding typically occurs during the dry period before the monsoons, from January to May. The nest resembles that of a large white-eye, cup-shaped, adorned with moss and cobwebs, and lined with fine root fibers. Clutch sizes vary, with three eggs common in India and two in Sri Lanka. Incubation lasts about 13 days, and the young fledge after a similar period.

Similar Species

While the Yellow-browed Bulbul is the sole species within its genus, it may be confused with other bulbuls lacking a crest. However, its distinctive yellow brow and call usually aid in proper identification.

Diet and Feeding

The diet consists mainly of berries and insects, which they forage for within their forested habitat.

Conservation status

The IUCN Red List classifies the Yellow-browed Bulbul as Least Concern, indicating a stable population without significant threats at present.