Mediterranean Short-toed Lark

The Mediterranean short-toed lark (Alaudala rufescens) is a modestly adorned avian, akin in stature and guise to its cousin, the greater short-toed lark. Exhibiting a length between 13 to 14 centimeters, both sexes are cloaked in similar plumage. Its upperparts are adorned with dark streaks upon a greyish-brown canvas, while its underparts remain a pristine white. A pale supercilium graces its expression, and a short, stubby bill completes its visage.

Identification Tips

Distinguishing this species from its Calandrella kin requires a keen eye. The Mediterranean short-toed lark lacks the dark neck patches characteristic of the greater short-toed lark and is finely streaked across the breast. Its bill is shorter and less conical, and its head is more rounded and diminutive. The bird's song is a symphony of rich, varied notes, peppered with mimicry.

Habitat

This lark favors the arid expanses of open country, showing a preference for soils even more parched and barren than those chosen by the greater short-toed lark.

Distribution

The bird's domain stretches from the Canary Islands in the west, across the Iberian Peninsula, through North Africa, and eastward to parts of the Middle East. It is a common sight within this vast range, which once was thought to extend into Central Asia.

Behaviour

The Mediterranean short-toed lark is a creature of habit, with many populations, particularly those in Spain and Africa, being sedentary. However, some of its Asian brethren migrate southward come winter. It is a ground nester, laying two to three eggs, and its diet consists of seeds and insects, the latter being especially crucial during the breeding season.

Song & Calls

The lark's vocal repertoire is more elaborate and imitative than that of its greater short-toed relative, offering a richer listening experience to the discerning ear.

Breeding

This lark's breeding grounds span from Spain to China, with a preference for dry, open terrain. The sedentary nature of many populations means that breeding occurs in the same locales year after year.

Similar Species

The greater short-toed lark is the most similar species, but can be differentiated by its darker neck patches and less fine breast streaking. The bill and head shape are also distinct between the two species.

Diet and Feeding

The Mediterranean short-toed lark sustains itself on a diet of seeds complemented by insects, which become particularly important during the breeding season as a source of protein for its young.

Conservation status

The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has classified the Mediterranean short-toed lark as "Least Concern," indicating a stable population across its wide range.