Black-breasted Wood Quail

The black-breasted wood quail, a medium-sized New World quail, presents a modest stature ranging from 22 to 25.5 cm in length. The females, slightly lighter, average 286 grams, while the males tip the scales at around 300 grams. Despite the size difference, distinguishing between the sexes visually is a challenge, as they share a similar plumage.

Identification Tips

This species is characterized by its namesake black breast, which contrasts with the surrounding plumage. Observers should note the subtle differences in size when attempting to differentiate between males and females, though this may prove difficult in the field.

Habitat

The black-breasted wood quail is a denizen of subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, where it skulks in the undergrowth, a master of its verdant realm.

Distribution

Native to the highlands of Costa Rica and historically Panama, this quail has not been recorded in Panama since 1933, leading to concerns it may no longer reside there.

Behaviour

A gregarious bird, the black-breasted wood quail typically moves in coveys of 10-15 individuals. These groups forage together during the day and roost communally at dusk. They are known to defend their territories with vocal displays and posturing, particularly at dawn. When approached, they prefer to walk away rather than take flight, a testament to their elusive nature.

Song & Calls

The black-breasted wood quail is less vocal at dusk compared to its congeners, but engages in territorial calls with neighboring coveys in the early morning light.

Breeding

Breeding habits of this species remain somewhat enigmatic, but indications of monogamy and cooperative breeding have been observed. Nesting aligns with the onset of the rainy season, with nests being simple depressions in the leaf litter. Clutches typically consist of 4-6 white eggs, which take 16-17 days to incubate.

Diet and Feeding

While specific dietary preferences are not well-documented, it is likely that the black-breasted wood quail consumes a variety of plant matter, augmented by insects.

Conservation status

The black-breasted wood quail is currently classified as Least Concern by the IUCN, suggesting that, for now, this species is not at immediate risk of decline.