Black-fronted Tern

The Black-fronted Tern, scientifically known as Chlidonias albostriatus, is a diminutive tern species with a predominantly grey plumage. It is recognized by its black cap, a characteristic feature shared with many terns. The bird's underparts and rump are white, and it sports a slender white streak along the cheeks beneath the cap. In breeding adults, the bill is a vivid red and the legs are a striking orange.

Identification Tips

Adult Black-fronted Terns measure approximately 29 cm (12 inches) in length. During the non-breeding season, the black cap recedes from the bill and becomes interspersed with white, which can aid in identification during this period.

Habitat

This species is typically found in or near freshwater environments within New Zealand, displaying a preference for riverbanks.

Distribution

The Black-fronted Tern is native to New Zealand, with its presence ranging from the southern extremity of the North Island, across much of the eastern South Island from Marlborough to Southland, and extending to Stewart Island. An isolated population exists along the Buller and upper Motueka Rivers in southern Nelson.

Breeding

Breeding is confined to the South Island. The terns nest along riverbanks and during the nonbreeding season, they may venture up to 10 km (6 miles) out to sea.

Diet and Feeding

The diet of the Black-fronted Tern consists of freshwater fish, arthropods, and worms. It has been observed foraging in freshly ploughed soil for earthworms and grubs, earning it the nickname "ploughboy" or "ploughman's friend."

Conservation Status

The Black-fronted Tern is classified as Endangered on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The population is in decline due to predation and habitat disruption by several introduced species, including stoats, feral cats, brown rats, hedgehogs, dogs, common brushtail possums, and Australian magpies.