Saunders's Tern

The Saunders's tern, known scientifically as Sternula saundersi and sometimes referred to as the black-shafted tern, is a diminutive seabird with a graceful appearance. It boasts a white body contrasted by a black cap and a black-tipped yellow bill. During the breeding season, it can be distinguished by its straight-bordered white forehead patch, darker legs and feet, and more pronounced black on the outer primaries compared to its close relative, the little tern.

Identification Tips

Adult Saunders's terns measure between 20 to 28 centimeters in length, with a wingspan ranging from 50 to 55 centimeters. They weigh approximately 40 to 45 grams. Key identification features include an average wing length of 16.6 centimeters, a bill length of around 2.8 centimeters, and a tail fork depth also about 2.8 centimeters. In breeding plumage, look for the straight-bordered forehead patch and duskier colored legs and feet.

Habitat

Saunders's terns are coastal birds, favoring the shores along the north-western Indian Ocean.

Distribution

These terns are sparsely resident in regions including southern Somalia, the Arabian Peninsula, Socotra, Pakistan, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and northern Sri Lanka.

Behaviour

Saunders's terns exhibit a fascinating feeding behavior, hovering above the water for extended periods before plunging in to catch fish. This aerial display is a testament to their agility and precision.

Diet and Feeding

The diet of Saunders's terns primarily consists of marine animals such as small fish, crustaceans, and mollusks. They also consume various insects, showcasing their adaptability in feeding habits.

Conservation status

The Saunders's tern is currently listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List, indicating that, for now, this species does not face an immediate threat of extinction in the wild.