Australian Tern

The Australian tern, known scientifically as Gelochelidon macrotarsa, is a robust member of the tern family Laridae. With a laugh-like call reminiscent of its Greek name origins, gelao (to laugh) and khelidon (swallow), this species exhibits a strong, gull-like bill and a sturdy body. Adults in summer plumage are characterized by grey upperparts, white underparts, and a striking black cap. Their legs and bill are also black, adding to their distinctive appearance. They measure 33–42 cm in length with a wingspan of 76–91 cm, and weigh between 150–292 g.

Identification Tips

When identifying the Australian tern, look for its short, thick bill and broad wings, which set it apart from other terns. In summer, the black cap is a key feature, while in winter, the cap is replaced by a dark eye patch. Juvenile birds share a similar faint mask but resemble winter adults in other respects.

Habitat

This species is found in a variety of wetland habitats, including lakes, marshes, and coastal regions where it forms breeding colonies.

Distribution

The Australian tern breeds across Australia and New Guinea, indicating a range that is closely tied to these regions.

Behaviour

Unlike many of its relatives, the Australian tern does not typically plunge dive for fish. Instead, it has a more varied diet and feeding strategy, often taking insects in flight. It also forages over wet fields and brushy areas, preying on amphibians and small mammals. Opportunistic in nature, it has been observed feeding on dead dragonflies along roadways.

Song & Calls

The call of the Australian tern is a distinctive "ker-wik," which can be heard during encounters in the wild.

Breeding

Breeding takes place in colonies where the Australian tern nests in ground scrapes. Clutches typically consist of two to five eggs.

Diet and Feeding

The Australian tern has a broad diet that includes insects captured in flight, amphibians, and small mammals. Its feeding habits are more akin to marsh terns than the typical fish-eating terns.

Conservation status

The IUCN Red List classifies the Australian tern as Least Concern, indicating a stable population without significant threats at present.