Caspian Gull

The Caspian gull, Larus cachinnans, is a large species of gull, part of the herring and lesser black-backed gull complex. Its name, derived from Latin, hints at its laughter-like call, with 'cachinnans' meaning 'laughing'. This bird is notable for its impressive size, ranging from 56 to 68 centimeters in length, with a wingspan stretching from 137 to 155 centimeters, and a weight between 680 and 1,590 grams.

Identification Tips

When observing the Caspian gull, look for its long, slender bill, which is highlighted by a sloping forehead. The bird's legs, wings, and neck are longer than those of similar species, such as the herring gull and yellow-legged gull. Its eye is typically small and dark, and leg color can vary from pale pink to a pale yellowish hue. The back and wings are a shade of grey that is darker than the herring gull but paler than the yellow-legged gull. The outermost primary feather is distinguished by a large white tip and a white tongue running up the inner web. Juveniles display a pale head with dark streaking on the back of the neck, pale underparts, and greyish back, with wing coverts tipped in white.

Habitat

The Caspian gull favors flat, low-lying ground near bodies of water for nesting, which contrasts with the cliff-nesting preference of the yellow-legged gull where their ranges overlap.

Distribution

This gull breeds around the Black and Caspian Seas and extends eastwards across Central Asia to north-west China. Its range has been expanding into Europe, now including Poland, eastern Germany, and Ukraine. Some migrate to the Red Sea and Persian Gulf, while others disperse into Western Europe, with sightings in Britain, particularly in South-east England, East Anglia, and the Midlands.

Behaviour

Caspian gulls are both scavengers and predators, displaying a varied diet. During the breeding season, they may venture into the steppes to hunt for rodents such as ground squirrels.

Breeding

The breeding season commences in early April, with the Caspian gull typically laying two or three eggs. These eggs are then incubated for a period of 27 to 31 days.

Diet and Feeding

Caspian gulls have an opportunistic and varied diet, often scavenging but also preying on rodents, particularly during the breeding season.

Conservation status

The Caspian gull is currently listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List, indicating that it is not at immediate risk of population decline or extinction.

Similar Species

The Caspian gull is part of a complex that includes the herring gull and the lesser black-backed gull. It can be differentiated by its size, bill shape, and the coloration of its plumage and legs.