Dwarf Fruit Dove

The Dwarf Fruit Dove, known scientifically as Ptilinopus nainus, is a diminutive avian species belonging to the Columbidae family. This bird claims the title of the shortest pigeon or dove in the world, with a total length ranging from 13 to 15 centimeters, akin to the span of an adult human hand. Despite its compact size, it is thickset, and its weight is approximately 49 grams, which is roughly the combined mass of two AA batteries. The plumage of this species is predominantly green, accented with yellow undertail coverts and narrow wing bars. The males boast a distinctive dark purple patch on the belly and may exhibit a gray patch on the upper breast, while both sexes share a yellowish-green beak and purplish-red legs.

Identification Tips

To identify the Dwarf Fruit Dove, look for its green plumage with contrasting yellow undertail coverts. The males can be distinguished by the dark purple belly patch and possible gray breast patch. Both sexes have a yellowish-green beak and purplish-red legs. Juveniles resemble females but have yellow fringes on their plumage, which they lose as they mature.

Habitat

The Dwarf Fruit Dove inhabits the forests of New Guinea's lowlands and foothills, as well as the Raja Ampat Islands. It is most commonly found in hilly regions up to 1100 meters in elevation.

Distribution

This species is endemic to New Guinea and the Raja Ampat Islands, with its presence confirmed in locations such as Varirata National Park.

Behaviour

Pairs of Dwarf Fruit Doves are often observed together, and they may also associate with other fruit dove species. Their movements include being stationary in Port Moresby and migratory in Tabubil.

Song & Calls

The vocalizations of the Dwarf Fruit Dove are characterized by a high-pitched, slow, soft, and prolonged up slur, repeated approximately six times with a one-second pause in between, producing an "oh-wah" sound.

Breeding

Breeding nests of the Dwarf Fruit Dove have been discovered in September and November, constructed at heights ranging from 3 to 12 meters above the ground in small trees. The female builds the nest with materials provided by the male.

Diet and Feeding

The diet of the Dwarf Fruit Dove is primarily frugivorous, with 90 percent consisting of fruit and the remaining 10 percent of nectar. In captivity, they have been observed to consume exclusively figs.

Conservation status

The Dwarf Fruit Dove is classified as Least Concern by the IUCN Red List, indicating a stable population that is neither scarce nor rare. The exact population size remains undetermined.