Ruddy Ground Dove

The Ruddy Ground Dove, Columbina talpacoti, is a diminutive New World tropical dove, exhibiting sexual dimorphism in its plumage. Males are adorned with a pale grey head and neck, transitioning to rich rufous upperparts with black spots on the wing coverts. The underparts are a lighter brown, the tail is edged with black, and the underwings boast a cinnamon and black hue. Females, on the other hand, present a more uniform grey-brown plumage with less pronounced contrast between the head and body. These birds measure between 12 to 18 centimeters in length and weigh approximately 35 to 56 grams.

Identification Tips

To identify the Ruddy Ground Dove, look for the male's distinctive reddish-brown feathers and bluish-grey head, as well as the series of black spots on the wings present in both sexes. The female is uniformly brown, making her less conspicuous than the male. The short-tailed stature and rapid flight pattern, common to pigeons, are also key identification features.

Habitat

This species thrives in open areas, including scrublands, cultivated fields, and urban environments. Human-induced habitats such as deforested regions for pasture or grain farming have facilitated the expansion of the Ruddy Ground Dove, particularly in southeastern and midwestern Brazil.

Distribution

The Ruddy Ground Dove is a resident breeder with a range extending from Mexico through Central and South America to Brazil, Peru, Paraguay, northern Argentina, and the islands of Trinidad and Tobago. It is occasionally observed as a visitor in the central region and the Lakes region in Chile, and during winter, it can be seen in the southwestern United States, from southern Texas to southernmost California.

Behaviour

These doves are known for their approachability and territorial disputes, where males may engage in brief confrontations, often threatening each other by jumping and raising a wing. They are also observed sunbathing in a distinctive posture, lying on their side with one wing stretched upwards, revealing the large area of black feathers beneath.

Song & Calls

The male Ruddy Ground Dove emits a soft, monotonous cooing sound, described as a "cur-WOO," which is repeated continuously for several seconds.

Breeding

The species is monogamous, with pairs maintaining a nest territory. They construct small, cup-shaped nests of branches and sticks, well-concealed by surrounding foliage. The female lays two eggs, which are incubated by both parents for 11 to 13 days. Fledging occurs within two weeks, and the pair may commence a new brood shortly thereafter if conditions permit.

Similar Species

In the south-central United States, birdwatchers have noted the Ruddy Ground Dove being replaced by the Zenaida auriculata, also known as the Eared Dove, which is increasingly adapting to urban environments and may be in competition with the Ruddy Ground Dove.

Diet and Feeding

The Ruddy Ground Dove primarily feeds on seeds, but it may also consume snails and small insects as part of its diet.

Conservation status

The Ruddy Ground Dove is currently listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List, indicating that it is not at immediate risk of population decline.