Common Ground Dove

The Common Ground Dove (Columbina passerina) is a diminutive species, the smallest dove gracing the United States with its presence. This charming bird is characterized by its petite stature, typically measuring between 15 to 18 centimeters in length with a wingspan of approximately 27 centimeters, and weighing a mere 26 to 40 grams. Its plumage is a subtle blend of earthy tones, with a distinctive yellow beak tipped in black. The feathers near the beak are tinged with pink, while the head and upper breast display a scaly pattern. The tail feathers are short and match the brown of the back, with the coverts and wing feathers also brown but adorned with black spots. When in flight, the chestnut primaries and wing borders are revealed, adding a flash of color to its otherwise muted palette.

Identification Tips

Males of the species exhibit a slate-gray crown and a pinkish-gray underbelly, while females are a more uniform gray and lack the contrasting colors of their male counterparts. The sexual dimorphism in plumage is subtle but noticeable upon closer inspection.

Habitat

The Common Ground Dove favors open landscapes dotted with trees and shrubs. It can also be found in forested areas with sandy clearings, agricultural lands, savannahs, and in proximity to human settlements.

Distribution

This non-migratory bird is a permanent resident across a broad range, including the southern United States, much of Mexico, parts of Central America, the Caribbean islands, and northwestern South America.

Behaviour

Territorial by nature, the Common Ground Dove is not known for aggressive behavior, even when faced with intruders in its domain.

Song & Calls

The call of the Common Ground Dove is a series of soft, ascending whoops, often repeated and quite distinctive to the ears of those familiar with the bird's vocalizations.

Breeding

A monogamous bird, the Common Ground Dove pairs for life. Nesting occurs on the ground amidst vegetation or occasionally in bushes, with nests being simple structures. The species can breed as early as 79 days post-hatching, with the peak nesting season spanning from April to May. They may have multiple broods per year, typically laying two white eggs that are incubated by both parents over a period of 12 to 14 days.

Similar Species

While unique in its size and habits, the Common Ground Dove may be confused with other small doves or sparrows at a distance. However, its distinctive plumage and calls usually allow for accurate identification.

Diet and Feeding

As a ground gleaner, the Common Ground Dove forages for seeds, fruits, and occasionally insects and snails, including their shells. It is known to drink by sucking water into its beak, a trait shared with other members of the Columbidae family.

Conservation status

The IUCN Red List currently classifies the Common Ground Dove as Least Concern, indicating a stable population without significant threats at this time.