Ruddy Pigeon

The Ruddy Pigeon, scientifically known as Patagioenas subvinacea, is a robust bird with a predominantly wine-purple plumage, subtly transitioning to a more rufous hue on the back. This species measures approximately 28 cm in length and weighs around 170 grams. Its tail and primary flight feathers are dark brown, while the bill is black and the legs exhibit a purple-red coloration. The iris is typically red, although in some Amazonian individuals, it may present as a dull yellow, but never as conspicuously white as in the sympatric subspecies of the Plumbeous Pigeon due to the red eye-ring.

Identification Tips

Males and females are similar in appearance, though the female may appear slightly duller and browner. Juveniles can be distinguished by their greyish-brown head, neck, and breast, with cinnamon or rufous scaling on the head and upperparts.

Habitat

The Ruddy Pigeon inhabits the highland forest canopy and semi-open woodland from 1500 meters above sea level to the timberline in Central America. In South America, it is found in the canopy of humid forests from near sea-level up to 1500 meters, occasionally venturing higher.

Distribution

This species has a broad range, extending from Costa Rica through western Ecuador, Bolivia, and central Brazil.

Behaviour

Typically seen in pairs, the Ruddy Pigeon forages in the treetops for fruits and berries. It may occasionally be observed on tracks and roadsides in search of grit. The species constructs a simple platform nest out of twigs, situated about 5 meters high in a small tree, where it lays a single white egg.

Song & Calls

The Ruddy Pigeon emits a loud and fairly high-pitched coo, ko'COO coo call, with significant pauses between calls. There is some geographical variation in its voice, with certain populations producing four-noted songs, while others have three-noted songs.

Similar Species

In Central America, the Ruddy Pigeon is replaced at lower altitudes by the Short-billed Pigeon (P. nigrirostris), which is very similar in appearance. The two species can best be differentiated by their calls, with the Ruddy Pigeon's being faster and less complex.

Diet and Feeding

The Ruddy Pigeon has a particular affinity for mistletoe fruit but also consumes other fruits and berries.

Conservation Status

The Ruddy Pigeon is classified as a Least Concern species by the IUCN, as it is not uncommon across its wide range. However, due to projected deforestation, its status requires monitoring.