Yellow-billed Duck

The Yellow-billed Duck, Anas undulata, presents itself as a medium-sized dabbling duck, measuring from 51 to 58 centimeters in length. Its plumage is predominantly grey, with a darker head and a striking yellow bill. The wings, when observed from above, reveal a white-bordered green speculum, and from below, they appear whitish. Both sexes exhibit similar coloration, while juveniles are a tad less vibrant. The northeastern subspecies boasts a darker hue with a more vivid bill and a blue speculum.

Identification Tips

To identify the Yellow-billed Duck, look for its bright yellow bill which stands out against its grey body. The green speculum edged with white is a key feature when the wings are spread. Juveniles are similar but slightly duller, and the northeastern race can be distinguished by its darker body and brighter bill.

Habitat

This species favors freshwater environments within relatively open landscapes. It is often found dabbling for plant food in the vicinity of dense vegetation where it also nests on the ground.

Distribution

The Yellow-billed Duck is an abundant resident breeder in southern and eastern Africa. It is not migratory but may roam in search of suitable waters during the dry season.

Behaviour

Outside of the breeding season, the Yellow-billed Duck is highly sociable, forming large flocks. It is predominantly nocturnal in its feeding habits, foraging mainly in the evening or at night.

Song & Calls

The male Yellow-billed Duck emits a teal-like whistle, while the female produces a quack akin to that of a mallard.

Breeding

Breeding occurs near water amidst dense vegetation. The clutch typically consists of six to twelve eggs. The species is subject to the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA), although the southern nominate subspecies is experiencing a decline due to competition and hybridization with feral mallards.

Similar Species

The Yellow-billed Duck may be confused with other grey ducks, but its yellow bill and the white-bordered green speculum on its wings are distinctive features.

Diet and Feeding

Primarily a plant eater, the Yellow-billed Duck dabbles for food, often under the cover of darkness.

Conservation status

The IUCN Red List classifies the Yellow-billed Duck as Least Concern, indicating a stable population. However, certain threats such as hunting and hybridization with introduced mallards pose risks to specific populations.