Red-billed Buffalo Weaver

The Red-billed Buffalo Weaver (Bubalornis niger) is a robust bird, the largest within the Ploceidae family, with males averaging a body mass of 82.1 grams and females slightly lighter at 70.7 grams. The species exhibits a modest sexual dimorphism; males are adorned with dark chocolate brown plumage, accented with white flecks on the wing edges and tips, and a distinctive red bill. Females share the same rich brown coloration but lack the white wing markings and feature broad white hems on their chin and throat feathers. Juveniles present a paler brown hue as they mature.

Identification Tips

To identify the Red-billed Buffalo Weaver, look for its red bill, which sets it apart from its cousin, the White-billed Buffalo Weaver. The male's red bill contrasts with his dark plumage and reddish-brown feet, while the female's lighter brown legs and white throat markings are key distinguishing features.

Habitat

This species thrives in the dry savannas and sparse woodlands, often in areas influenced by human activity and grazing livestock.

Distribution

The Red-billed Buffalo Weaver is found across eastern and southern Africa, where it has adapted well to environments altered by humans.

Behaviour

These birds are social, living in colonies, and can be seen in small family units or large flocks. Males are polygamous, with a hierarchy where dominant males control more nest chambers and females. Aggressive displays and loud calls are used for defense, while some males may cooperate in nest building and chick rearing.

Song & Calls

The Red-billed Buffalo Weaver's vocalizations are part of its social behavior, used by males to assert dominance and defend their territory.

Breeding

Breeding takes place in colonies within large, communal nests made of thorny twigs, divided into lodges with multiple chambers. Females, sometimes with male assistance, construct smaller nests within these chambers using grass, leaves, and roots. The breeding season peaks from December to March, with females laying 2 to 4 eggs and incubating them for about 14 days. Chicks fledge after 20 to 23 days.

Similar Species

The White-billed Buffalo Weaver (Bubalornis albirostris) is similar in appearance but can be differentiated by its white bill.

Diet and Feeding

The Red-billed Buffalo Weaver's diet consists of insects, seeds, and fruit. It forages primarily on the ground, feeding on a variety of insects such as crickets, locusts, and beetles, as well as scorpions.

Conservation status

Listed as Least Concern by the IUCN, the Red-billed Buffalo Weaver is common with a stable population. No specific conservation programs are in place for this species, which seems to be thriving despite human encroachment on its habitat. Predators include hawks, eagles, snakes, and baboons.