Red-breasted Goose

The Red-breasted Goose (Branta ruficollis) is a small, vibrantly marked member of the Branta genus, easily distinguished by its contrasting plumage. This Eurasian species is the most diminutive of its genus, measuring a mere 53–56 cm in length. Its striking appearance is characterized by a dark sooty back, a rich red breast, and white facial markings, which, despite their brightness, can be surprisingly elusive against a flock of Brant Geese, especially at a distance where the red may appear darker.

Identification Tips

Upon sighting, one should note the Red-breasted Goose's unique coloration. The bird's black head is adorned with a white patch, and the red on the breast is a key identifier. The white on the flanks and the black tail with white undertones are also distinctive. When amongst other geese, particularly the Brant Goose, look for the smaller size and the unique red, white, and black patterning to confirm identification.

Habitat

The Red-breasted Goose favors Arctic tundra during its breeding season, often nesting in close proximity to birds of prey for protection against predators.

Distribution

Breeding occurs in Arctic Siberia, with a preference for the Taymyr, Gyda, and Yamal peninsulas. Come winter, the geese migrate to the northwestern shores of the Black Sea, predominantly in Bulgaria, Romania, and Ukraine, with some extending to Azerbaijan. Vagrants have been spotted in Ireland and other parts of western Europe.

Behaviour

This species exhibits a fascinating symbiotic relationship with birds of prey, nesting near their eyries for safety from predators like the Arctic fox. The Red-breasted Goose's nesting strategy involves both open and cryptic nest sites, with the latter being more concealed than those of their raptor neighbors. The geese show a preference for nesting near birds of prey over river islands, despite the latter also offering protection. The size of colonies is influenced by the availability of food, the density of birds of prey, and the location of the nest.

Song & Calls

The calls of the Red-breasted Goose are described as "ki-kui" or "ki-yik," which are high-pitched, shrill, and staccato in nature.

Diet and Feeding

During the winter months, the Red-breasted Goose feeds on grasses, leaves, and seeds. The geese's diet is influenced by their wintering habitats, which are subject to change due to land use.

Conservation status

The Red-breasted Goose is classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN. The population is subject to fluctuations, with estimates in the autumn of 1997 around 88,000 individuals, which can decrease to about 70,000 in winter. The species faces threats from habitat changes due to land use, as well as from the construction of wind turbines in critical wintering sites. Conservation efforts include habitat improvement projects and satellite tracking to better understand migration patterns. The species is protected under the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA).