Greater Bird-of-paradise

The greater bird-of-paradise, Paradisaea apoda, is a captivating species, renowned as the largest member of its genus. It is celebrated for its extraordinary and elaborate courtship displays, which are considered among the most spectacular in the avian world. The male's plumage is a dazzling array of colors, with an iridescent green face and a crown that shimmers with yellow and silver iridescence. The body is cloaked in maroon-brown, while the flank plumes—integral to its courtship rituals—are a gradient of yellow, white, and maroon. The female, in contrast, sports a more subdued maroon-brown plumage. Both sexes share a yellow iris and a distinct blue bill.

Identification Tips

When identifying the greater bird-of-paradise, look for the male's striking green face and the lustrous yellow and silver crown. The long twin tail wires are also a key characteristic. Females can be identified by their unbarred maroon-brown plumage, which lacks the male's flamboyance.

Habitat

This species inhabits the lowland and hill forests of southwest New Guinea and the Aru Islands in Indonesia, where it can be observed amidst the dense foliage.

Distribution

Native to New Guinea, the greater bird-of-paradise has a presence on the Aru Islands and was historically introduced to Little Tobago Island in the West Indies. Although the introduced population likely no longer exists, the bird remains an iconic image on Trinidad and Tobago's $100 bill.

Behaviour

Greater birds-of-paradise are active before dawn, their distinctive calls echoing through the forest as they forage. They are known to associate with other bird species during feeding. Males spend the majority of their time during mating seasons at display grounds, engaging in elaborate courtship rituals to attract females.

Song & Calls

The male's courtship calls are complex and varied, including a series of "wauks" and other vocalizations that correspond with specific poses and movements during their courtship dance.

Breeding

Males are polygynous and do not participate in parental care. Instead, they invest their energy in intricate courtship displays, where females select mates based on the genetic benefits that may enhance offspring fitness. These displays occur at leks, where males congregate to perform their dances and calls.

Similar Species

While the greater bird-of-paradise is unique in its display, it can be confused with other Paradisaea species. However, its size and specific courtship behaviors are distinguishing factors.

Diet and Feeding

The diet of the greater bird-of-paradise primarily consists of fruits, seeds, and small insects. They are often observed foraging in the company of other bird species.

Conservation status

The greater bird-of-paradise is classified as Least Concern by the IUCN Red List, indicating a stable population within its native range. It is also listed in Appendix II of CITES, reflecting the need for monitoring international trade to ensure its sustainability.