Curl-crested Manucode

The Curl-crested Manucode, Manucodia comrii, presents a striking figure in the avian world. This bird-of-paradise boasts a robust and sizeable body, measuring approximately 43 cm in length. Its plumage shimmers with an iridescent sheen, displaying hues of purple, black, and green. A distinctive feature is its red iris, complemented by crinkled yellowish-green feathers adorning the upper breast and neck. The species is further characterized by its unique curled head feathering and the twisted central tail feathers.

Identification Tips

Observers should note the Curl-crested Manucode's large body size, which is the most substantial among its genus, and its weight, which can reach up to 450 grams. While its tail is shorter than that of the Black Sicklebill, the bird's overall heft is notable. Both male and female are similar in appearance, with the female being slightly smaller.

Habitat

The Curl-crested Manucode inhabits the upper montane rainforests, forest edges, and woodlands. It can also be found in wooded savannahs, parks, and gardens, demonstrating a degree of adaptability to various environments.

Distribution

This species is endemic to Papua New Guinea, specifically the Trobriand Islands and the D'Entrecasteaux Archipelago. It is a common sight within its limited range.

Behaviour

The Curl-crested Manucode is diurnal and often observed living in pairs or small groups within a single territory. During courtship displays, males pursue females through the vegetation with a strutting gait, wings and tail spread, and bodies raised. Pairs also vocalize to defend their territories from other couples.

Song & Calls

The species has evolved a unique vocal structure, with the trachea extending towards the lower chest, looping back through the abdominal cavity before reaching the lungs. This anatomical feature functions like a wind instrument, producing a mellow, fluting sound that carries over considerable distances.

Breeding

Breeding season spans from June to November. Nest-building is recorded in mid-November, and egg-laying occurs in March and from June to October. The Curl-crested Manucode is strictly monogamous, with both sexes collaborating in the construction of a cup-shaped nest situated on a branch bifurcation. They share the responsibility of incubating the 1-2 eggs and raising the chicks.

Diet and Feeding

The diet of the Curl-crested Manucode primarily consists of ripe fruits, with a particular fondness for figs. However, it also supplements its diet with insects and other small invertebrates.

Conservation status

The Curl-crested Manucode is currently evaluated as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and is listed on Appendix II of CITES, indicating a stable population within its habitat range.