California Scrub Jay

The California scrub jay, Aphelocoma californica, is a vibrant presence in the avian world of western North America. This medium-sized bird, with a length of 27–31 cm and a wingspan of 39 cm, is adorned with a striking blue head, wings, and tail. Its back is a subtle gray-brown, while the underparts are a softer grayish hue. Observers will note the distinctive white eyebrows and the throat's whitish color, complemented by a blue necklace.

Identification Tips

When identifying the California scrub jay, look for the blue and white head pattern, the blue necklace across the throat, and the lack of striping or banding on the feathers. The bird's harsh and scratchy call is also a key identifier.

Habitat

The California scrub jay is aptly named for its preferred habitat of low scrub. It thrives in pinon-juniper forests, oak woodlands, and the peripheries of mixed evergreen forests. It has also adapted well to suburban gardens.

Distribution

This nonmigratory species has a range that extends from southern British Columbia through California and into western Nevada, just west of the Sierra Nevada.

Behaviour

The California scrub jay is known for its intelligence and complex social behaviors. It forages in pairs or small groups, often storing food in scattered caches within its territory. These birds are also adept at protecting their caches from potential thieves through various strategies, including re-caching and using inedible decoys.

Song & Calls

The California scrub jay's vocal repertoire includes a harsh and scratchy "screech" that is unmistakable. They are also capable of mimicking the calls of raptors, which may serve as a warning or a territorial strategy.

Breeding

Nests are constructed low in trees or bushes, with the female taking the lead in building and the male standing guard. The nests are robust and lined with fine roots and hair. Egg-laying occurs from March through July, with regional variations in timing.

Similar Species

The California scrub jay was once considered conspecific with Woodhouse's scrub jay, the island scrub jay, and the Florida scrub jay. However, it is now recognized as a distinct species. It differs from Woodhouse's scrub jay in plumage, with the latter having a paler blue and an indistinct breast band.

Diet and Feeding

These birds have a varied diet that includes small animals, bird eggs and young, insects, grains, nuts, berries, and backyard fruits and vegetables. Their foraging habits are closely tied to their food storing behavior.

Conservation status

The IUCN Red List categorizes the California scrub jay as Least Concern. However, populations are being impacted by the West Nile virus, particularly in California's Central Valley.

In the voice of David Attenborough: "The California scrub jay, a bird of remarkable intelligence and striking beauty, continues to thrive in the diverse habitats of western North America. Its complex behaviors and adaptability are a testament to the wonders of avian evolution."