Nankeen Kestrel

The Nankeen Kestrel, or Falco cenchroides, is a raptor of modest size, native to the landscapes of Australia and New Guinea. This falcon, one of the smallest of its kind, is distinguished by its pale rufous plumage, which is reminiscent of the hue of nankeen cloth. Its upper parts contrast with black flight feathers, and its underparts are finely streaked with white. A black subterminal band is also present. The cere, eye-ring, and legs of this bird are a striking yellow, adding to its distinctive appearance.

Identification Tips

When observing the Nankeen Kestrel, look for a small, slim falcon with a wingspan ranging from 66 to 78 centimetres. The male typically has a pale grey crown and tail, with a darker grey tear-mark, while the female and juvenile display a pale rufous crown and a finely barred rufous tail. Despite some variation in plumage detail, the Nankeen Kestrel's slim build, small size, and unique hovering behaviour make it easily identifiable.

Habitat

The Nankeen Kestrel is a versatile bird, occupying a range of landscapes from temperate grasslands to open woodlands. It avoids densely vegetated areas and is often seen in the tropical north and arid deserts, where its presence is seasonal.

Distribution

This common raptor is found across Australia, New Guinea, and nearby islands, with occasional visits to New Zealand. Its distribution is patchy in the tropical north and western deserts.

Behaviour

The Nankeen Kestrel is typically observed alone or in pairs, though it may gather in loose flocks under favourable conditions. Monogamous pairs may remain in their territory year-round or migrate north during the austral winter. The bird is known for its distinctive hovering over crops and grasslands, a hunting technique that sets it apart from other raptors.

Breeding

Breeding season sees the Nankeen Kestrel laying three to seven eggs, with the female solely responsible for incubation. After 26 to 28 days, the eggs hatch, and the male provides food until the young are nearly ready to fledge. In good seasons, multiple broods may be raised.

Similar Species

The Nankeen Kestrel can be confused with elanid kites or the brown falcon, but its lighter colour, smaller size, and distinctive hovering behaviour are key differentiators.

Diet and Feeding

An adaptable hunter, the Nankeen Kestrel feeds on a varied diet including insects, small birds, reptiles, and particularly small rodents like mice. It hunts by perching in exposed positions or by its characteristic hovering.

Conservation status

The Nankeen Kestrel is classified as Least Concern by the IUCN, indicating a stable population without significant threats to its survival.