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New World Warblers

New World warblers, or wood-warblers, belong to the Parulidae family—a vibrant collection of small birds found solely in the New World and not closely related to the warblers of the Old World or Australia. Many of these birds live in trees, though some, such as the ovenbird and waterthrushes, are ground dwellers. These predominantly insectivorous birds likely originated in northern Central America, where the greatest diversity exists. They are known to migrate north during warmer periods, returning to their ancestral homes in the winter. Their family name, Parulidae, has evolved from Linnaeus's initial classification in the 18th century. Taxonomical changes and extensive molecular studies led to a reclassification of this family in 2010, resulting in the creation of monotypic genera and reshuffling of several species. Major genera like Myioborus and Basileuterus have a significant presence in South America, with the large Setophaga genus embracing species formerly placed in other groups due to priority rules in zoological nomenclature. The updated taxonomy of these warblers features 117 species distributed among 18 genera, each with their own unique characteristics. These warblers vary in size, with the smallest being Lucy's warbler and the largest surpassing 15 cm and 21 g. Migratory warblers generally lay more eggs to compensate for the risks of their journey, unlike their tropical counterparts, which tend to lay fewer eggs and provide more intensive care. Sexual dimorphism is prominent in species that need to establish territory and attract mates annually, especially in Setophaga, while it's less common in species that are sedentary and pair for life. However, dimorphism does vary, and some tropical species exhibit this trait as well. Recent studies have reclassified some former Parulidae members into their own families, such as the Peucedramidae for the olive warbler and the Icteriidae for the yellow-breasted chat, indicating the dynamic nature of warbler classification.

Regions

A photo of a American Redstart (Setophaga ruticilla) , male

American Redstart

Setophaga ruticilla
A photo of a Audubon's Warbler (Setophaga auduboni) , male

Audubon's Warbler

Setophaga auduboni

Bachman's Warbler

Vermivora bachmanii
A photo of a Bay-breasted Warbler (Setophaga castanea) , male

Bay-breasted Warbler

Setophaga castanea
A photo of a Black-and-white Warbler (Mniotilta varia) , male

Black-and-white Warbler

Mniotilta varia
A photo of a Blackburnian Warbler (Setophaga fusca) , male

Blackburnian Warbler

Setophaga fusca
A photo of a Blackpoll Warbler (Setophaga striata) , male

Blackpoll Warbler

Setophaga striata
A photo of a Black-throated Blue Warbler (Setophaga caerulescens) , male

Black-throated Blue Warbler

Setophaga caerulescens
A photo of a Black-throated Green Warbler (Setophaga virens) , male

Black-throated Green Warbler

Setophaga virens
A photo of a Black-throated Grey Warbler (Setophaga nigrescens) , male

Black-throated Grey Warbler

Setophaga nigrescens
A photo of a Blue-winged Warbler (Vermivora cyanoptera) , male

Blue-winged Warbler

Vermivora cyanoptera
A photo of a Canada Warbler (Cardellina canadensis) , male

Canada Warbler

Cardellina canadensis
A photo of a Cape May Warbler (Setophaga tigrina) , male

Cape May Warbler

Setophaga tigrina
A photo of a Cerulean Warbler (Setophaga cerulea) , male

Cerulean Warbler

Setophaga cerulea
A photo of a Chestnut-sided Warbler (Setophaga pensylvanica) , male

Chestnut-sided Warbler

Setophaga pensylvanica

Colima Warbler

Leiothlypis crissalis
A photo of a Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas) , male

Common Yellowthroat

Geothlypis trichas

Connecticut Warbler

Oporornis agilis

Crescent-chested Warbler

Oreothlypis superciliosa

Fan-tailed Warbler

Basileuterus lachrymosus

Golden-cheeked Warbler

Setophaga chrysoparia
A photo of a Golden-crowned Warbler (Basileuterus culicivorus)

Golden-crowned Warbler

Basileuterus culicivorus
A photo of a Golden-winged Warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera) , male

Golden-winged Warbler

Vermivora chrysoptera

Grace's Warbler

Setophaga graciae

Grey-crowned Yellowthroat

Geothlypis poliocephala
A photo of a Hermit Warbler (Setophaga occidentalis) , male

Hermit Warbler

Setophaga occidentalis
A photo of a Hooded Warbler (Setophaga citrina) , male

Hooded Warbler

Setophaga citrina
A photo of a Kentucky Warbler (Geothlypis formosa) , male

Kentucky Warbler

Geothlypis formosa
A photo of a Kirtland's Warbler (Setophaga kirtlandii) , male

Kirtland's Warbler

Setophaga kirtlandii
A photo of a Louisiana Waterthrush (Parkesia motacilla)

Louisiana Waterthrush

Parkesia motacilla
A photo of a Lucy's Warbler (Leiothlypis luciae) , female

Lucy's Warbler

Leiothlypis luciae
A photo of a MacGillivray's Warbler (Geothlypis tolmiei) , male

MacGillivray's Warbler

Geothlypis tolmiei
A photo of a Magnolia Warbler (Setophaga magnolia) , male

Magnolia Warbler

Setophaga magnolia
A photo of a Mangrove Warbler (Setophaga petechia) , male

Mangrove Warbler

Setophaga petechia
A photo of a Mourning Warbler (Geothlypis philadelphia) , male

Mourning Warbler

Geothlypis philadelphia
A photo of a Nashville Warbler (Leiothlypis ruficapilla) , male

Nashville Warbler

Leiothlypis ruficapilla
A photo of a Northern Parula (Setophaga americana) , male

Northern Parula

Setophaga americana
A photo of a Northern Waterthrush (Parkesia noveboracensis)

Northern Waterthrush

Parkesia noveboracensis
A photo of a Orange-crowned Warbler (Leiothlypis celata)

Orange-crowned Warbler

Leiothlypis celata
A photo of a Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla)

Ovenbird

Seiurus aurocapilla
A photo of a Painted Whitestart (Myioborus pictus)

Painted Whitestart

Myioborus pictus
A photo of a Palm Warbler (Setophaga palmarum) , male

Palm Warbler

Setophaga palmarum
A photo of a Pine Warbler (Setophaga pinus) , male

Pine Warbler

Setophaga pinus
A photo of a Prairie Warbler (Setophaga discolor) , male

Prairie Warbler

Setophaga discolor
A photo of a Prothonotary Warbler (Protonotaria citrea) , male

Prothonotary Warbler

Protonotaria citrea

Red-faced Warbler

Cardellina rubrifrons
A photo of a Rufous-capped Warbler (Basileuterus rufifrons)

Rufous-capped Warbler

Basileuterus rufifrons

Slate-throated Whitestart

Myioborus miniatus
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