Black-throated Grey Warbler

The Black-throated Gray Warbler, scientifically known as Setophaga nigrescens, is a small passerine bird adorned with a striking combination of gray and white plumage, accented by distinct black markings. The male is particularly notable for its bold black throat, from which the species derives its name, and features black stripes on its head and streaks along its flanks. The female, while similar in pattern, presents a paler version with a white throat and less pronounced black markings.

Identification Tips

This warbler measures approximately 13 cm (5.1 inches) in length and weighs around 8.4 g (0.30 oz). It can be identified by its gray upperparts with black streaks and white underparts with black streaks on the flanks. The male has a black crown, throat, and eye stripes, with white patches on the chin and above the eye. The female has a more subdued head pattern with a white throat and dark gray cheeks. The species can be distinguished from similar warblers by its unique coloration and the small yellow spot between its eye and bill.

Habitat

The Black-throated Gray Warbler favors coniferous and mixed forests, as well as scrublands, particularly those populated with pinyon pines, junipers, sagebrush, and oaks. It is often found in areas with a brushy understory or in dry open oak forests and chaparral.

Distribution

Breeding from southwestern British Columbia to northern Baja California and eastward to New Mexico and southern Montana, this warbler winters primarily in Mexico. It has recently expanded into parts of Wyoming and Montana, likely due to climate-induced changes in vegetation.

Behaviour

This warbler is known for its approachability, allowing for close observation while it forages, often in mixed-species flocks. It feeds on insects, particularly caterpillars, which it gleans from low branches.

Song & Calls

The male's song consists of a series of buzzy notes, with earlier notes doubled and a distinctive high note towards the end. The bird also emits a sharp "tup" or "thick" call, similar to that of Townsend's Warbler but less musical, and a high "see" flight call.

Breeding

The nest, an open cup made of plant fibers and lined with feathers, is situated a few meters above the ground in a tree or shrub. The female lays 3 to 5 pinkish eggs with brown spots, and both parents are involved in feeding the young.

Similar Species

The Black-throated Gray Warbler can be confused with the Black-and-white and Blackpoll Warblers, but its unique plumage pattern sets it apart.

Diet and Feeding

Its diet consists primarily of insects, with a preference for caterpillars, which it forages from low branches.

Conservation Status

The species is classified as Least Concern by the IUCN, as it is common within its range and does not appear to be significantly threatened by human activities.