Spotted Eagle-Owl

The Spotted Eagle-Owl, known scientifically as Bubo africanus, is a medium-sized owl and one of the more diminutive members of the eagle owl family. It measures approximately 45 cm (18 inches) in length and weighs between 454 to 907 grams (1.0 to 2.0 pounds), with a wingspan ranging from 100 to 140 cm (39 to 55 inches). This species is distinguished by its off-white to pale ochre facial disk and striking yellow eyes. It boasts prominent ear-tufts, a dusky brown upper body, and off-white lower parts adorned with brown bars.

Identification Tips

When attempting to identify the Spotted Eagle-Owl, look for its prominent ear-tufts and the distinctive barring on its chest and belly. The yellow eyes set against the pale facial disk are also key identification features. Its flight is silent and buoyant, typical of owl species.

Habitat

The Spotted Eagle-Owl is versatile in its choice of habitat. It is commonly found in southern Africa, thriving in both thorn savanna and suburban gardens. It has a particular fondness for rocky outcrops and open areas, where it often roosts on the ground or in tree crowns.

Distribution

This owl is widespread across sub-Saharan Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. It is the most prevalent owl species in southern Africa and is frequently encountered in urban areas, living in close proximity to human settlements.

Behaviour

The Spotted Eagle-Owl is a solitary and nocturnal bird, known for its typical eagle-owl hoots. The male's call consists of two hoots, "Hooo hooopoooo," while the female responds with three, "Hooo hoo hooo." The young communicate with hisses and beak snaps when threatened. This species is also known to bathe, often seen during summer thunderstorms with wings spread.

Song & Calls

The male's two-part hoot and the female's three-part response are characteristic of this species. The young make a rasping noise when hungry, which can be heard over long distances.

Breeding

Spotted Eagle-Owls are monogamous and breed from late July to early February. They often nest on the ground or in large cavities, including man-made structures. The female lays two to four eggs and incubates them for about 32 days. Owlets leave the nest at around five weeks old and are flight-capable at seven weeks, though they remain dependent on their parents for several weeks thereafter.

Diet and Feeding

The diet of the Spotted Eagle-Owl primarily includes rodents, small mammals, birds, insects, and reptiles. It has a preference for small mammals like rodents and shrews. The owl often swallows prey whole and regurgitates indigestible parts as pellets. It is a generalist feeder and may move to new hunting grounds when prey becomes scarce.

Conservation status

The Spotted Eagle-Owl is classified as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. It is a common species within its range, but it faces threats from car collisions, electric wires, persecution, secondary poisoning, and parasite infections. Conservation efforts include specialized care for captive owlets and release methods for reintegration into the wild. It is illegal to capture or keep indigenous owls in South Africa without a permit.