Indian Eagle-Owl

The Indian eagle-owl, also known as the Bengal eagle-owl or rock eagle-owl (Bubo bengalensis), is a majestic bird of prey with a commanding presence. It boasts a robust build, splashed with a mottled tapestry of brown and grey feathers, and a striking white throat patch adorned with delicate black stripes. This species, once considered a subspecies of the Eurasian eagle-owl, is easily recognized by its large, horn-like tufts and penetrating gaze.

Identification Tips

To identify the Indian eagle-owl, look for its unmarked facial disk framed by a subtle black border, a feature less pronounced in its Eurasian cousin. The primaries at the base are a rufous hue, lacking bands, while the tail bands display wider tawny bands compared to the black ones. A conspicuous pale scapular patch can be seen when the wings are folded. The inner claws of this owl are notably the longest, and the last joint of the toes is bare, devoid of feathers.

Habitat

The Indian eagle-owl favors the hilly and rocky scrub forests within the Indian Subcontinent. It is particularly fond of bush-covered rocky hillocks, ravines, and the steep banks of rivers and streams. During the day, it seeks refuge under bushes or rocky overhangs, or within the dense foliage of trees like the mango, often found near villages.

Distribution

This species is endemic to the Indian Subcontinent, thriving in regions south of the Himalayas and at elevations below 1,500 meters. It avoids the humidity of evergreen forests and the extreme aridity of deserts.

Behaviour

The Indian eagle-owl is a creature of habit, often seen in pairs and known for its deep, resonant booming calls that fill the air at dawn and dusk. During the breeding season, males emit these "long calls" with peak intensity in February. When threatened, especially near their nests, these owls exhibit zig-zag flight patterns and are known to aggressively mob potential predators.

Song & Calls

The two-note calls of the Indian eagle-owl are characteristic and resonate deeply, especially during the breeding season. Young birds, when threatened, may produce clicks and hisses, and adopt postures to appear larger.

Breeding

The breeding season spans from November to April. The Indian eagle-owl lays three to four creamy white eggs, broad and roundish, with a smooth texture. Nesting occurs in natural recesses in earth banks, cliff ledges, or under bush shelters on level ground. The eggs incubate for about 33 days, and the chicks remain dependent on their parents for nearly six months.

Diet and Feeding

The diet of the Indian eagle-owl is varied, consisting primarily of rodents, but it also includes birds, particularly towards winter. Prey can range from small birds like doves and owlets to larger ones such as peafowl. When consuming rodents, the owl meticulously tears its prey rather than swallowing it whole.

Conservation status

The Indian eagle-owl is classified as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. It is also listed in Appendix II of CITES, indicating that while it is not currently threatened with extinction, it must be carefully monitored to ensure sustainable trade levels.