Black Kite

The black kite (Milvus migrans) is a medium-sized raptor, belonging to the family Accipitridae, which encompasses many other diurnal birds of prey. It is a versatile and adaptable bird, often seen soaring gracefully on thermals as it searches for food. The species is recognized by its angled wings and distinctive forked tail, which make it easily identifiable in flight.

Identification Tips

Adult black kites have a predominantly brown plumage with lighter head and neck, and a dark patch behind the eye. The flight feathers are black with dark bars and mottled bases. The underparts are pale brown with streaking due to dark feather shafts. The cere and gape are yellow, contrasting with the black bill. Legs are yellow with black claws. In flight, the less forked tail and slightly smaller size help distinguish it from the similar red kite.

Habitat

Black kites are highly adaptable and can be found in a variety of habitats. They are commonly seen in open areas, near water bodies, and even in urban environments where they have become accustomed to human presence.

Distribution

The black kite is widespread across temperate and tropical Eurasia, parts of Australasia, and Oceania. It exhibits migratory behavior in the temperate regions, while populations in tropical areas tend to be resident.

Behaviour

Black kites are opportunistic hunters and scavengers. They exhibit remarkable adaptability, often seen scavenging in urban areas or near human habitation. They are known to follow plumes of smoke to find food, and in some cultures, are fed as part of religious practices.

Song & Calls

The vocalizations of the black kite include a distinctive shrill whistle and a rapid whinnying call, which are often heard when the birds are in flight or perched.

Breeding

The breeding season varies geographically, with European birds breeding in summer and Indian populations breeding in winter. Black kites build rough platforms of twigs and sticks for nests, often reusing the same site annually. Both parents are involved in nest building, incubation, and chick rearing. The typical clutch size is two to three eggs.

Similar Species

The red kite is similar in appearance but can be differentiated by its more deeply forked tail, rufous body, and a different call.

Diet and Feeding

Black kites feed on a wide range of items including small live prey, fish, carrion, and refuse. They are known to snatch food in flight and can be bold around humans, sometimes taking food directly from people's hands.

Conservation status

The black kite is currently listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. However, some populations have experienced significant declines, and the species faces threats from habitat loss, poisoning, and collision with vehicles and power lines.