Red Kite

The red kite (Milvus milvus) is a medium to large bird of prey, belonging to the family Accipitridae. This elegant raptor is recognized by its rufous plumage, contrasting white underwing flight feathers, and a deeply forked tail which it maneuvers with grace. The species is sexually dimorphic in size, with females being slightly larger than males.

Identification Tips

Adult red kites measure 60 to 70 cm in length and boast a wingspan of 175–179 cm. Males typically weigh between 800–1,200 grams, while females range from 1,000–1,300 grams. The species exhibits a dihedral flight posture with long, angled wings and a distinctive long, forked tail that twists fluidly as the bird changes direction. The body, upper tail, and wing coverts are a rich rufous color, while the black wingtips and dark secondaries provide a stark contrast to the white primary feathers.

Habitat

Red kites are often found in broadleaf woodlands, pastures, mixed farmland, valleys, and wetland edges. They are adept at navigating a variety of landscapes, from open countryside to urban fringes.

Distribution

The red kite is native to the western Palearctic, with its breeding range primarily in Europe. Historically, the species also bred in parts of west Asia and northwest Africa, but these populations have largely disappeared. Today, red kites are most commonly found across Europe, from Spain and Portugal to central Russia, and from southern Scandinavia to southern Italy.

Behaviour

Red kites are known for their aerial acrobatics and scavenging habits. They are monogamous, with pairs often maintaining their bond year-round, especially if they are non-migratory. The species is known to breed from the age of two, although some individuals may breed as early as one year old.

Song & Calls

The red kite's vocalizations consist of a high-pitched, thin piping sound, which is less mewling than that of the common buzzard.

Breeding

Red kites typically nest in large hardwood trees, with nests built by both sexes. They lay clutches of one to three eggs, which are incubated primarily by the female. Chicks are cared for by both parents and fledge after 48–50 days, though they may remain dependent on their parents for an additional 15–20 days.

Similar Species

The black kite (Milvus migrans) is similar in appearance but can be distinguished by its less forked tail and different flight pattern.

Diet and Feeding

The diet of red kites is varied, consisting mainly of carrion, small mammals, and occasionally live birds. They are also known to consume reptiles, amphibians, and invertebrates such as earthworms, particularly in the spring.

Conservation Status

The red kite is currently listed as Least Concern by the IUCN. However, the species faces threats from illegal poisoning, changes in agricultural practices, and habitat loss. Conservation efforts have led to a stabilization and increase in some populations, particularly in northern Europe.