Scarlet Ibis

The Scarlet Ibis (Eudocimus ruber), sometimes referred to as the red ibis, is a strikingly colored member of the ibis family, Threskiornithidae. Its brilliant scarlet plumage sets it apart from other species, making it an unmistakable sight in its native habitats. This bird is one of the two national birds of Trinidad and Tobago and is celebrated in the region's culture and folklore.

Identification Tips

Adult Scarlet Ibises are predominantly scarlet, with the intensity of color varying slightly across their feathers. The tips of their wings are the only exception, displaying a rich inky black or dark blue on the longest primaries. The bill and feet are generally red, though the bill may darken towards the end. Juveniles start out grey, brown, and white, gradually acquiring the adult's scarlet hue as they mature. Adults measure 55–63 centimeters in length, with a wingspan of approximately 54 centimeters.

Habitat

Scarlet Ibises favor wetlands and marshy environments, including mudflats, shorelines, and rainforests. They are often found in areas with abundant water sources, such as swamps, where they can forage for food.

Distribution

This species has a broad range across South America and the Caribbean. It is native to Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela, and several Caribbean islands. The Scarlet Ibis is also known to inhabit the coastal regions of various Brazilian states.

Behaviour

Scarlet Ibises are strong fliers, migrating in flocks that adopt the classic V formation. They are sociable birds, living in groups and nesting in close proximity to one another. These birds are also known for their aggressive behavior when foraging, often dominating over other species to secure food.

Song & Calls

The Scarlet Ibis is relatively quiet, with its vocalizations typically consisting of low-pitched honking sounds.

Breeding

Mating pairs construct simple stick nests in trees, often above water for protection. They lay clutches of three to five eggs, which incubate for about 19–23 days. Both parents share in the care of the young.

Similar Species

The American White Ibis (Eudocimus albus) is the closest relative and is sometimes considered conspecific. However, the Scarlet Ibis is distinguished by its vibrant red coloration.

Diet and Feeding

The diet of the Scarlet Ibis is varied, including insects, crustaceans, and other small prey. They use their long, curved bills to probe for food in mud and under plants. Their red coloration is due to a diet rich in red crustaceans, which contain the carotenoid astaxanthin.

Conservation status

The Scarlet Ibis is classified as Least Concern by the IUCN. While some local populations are declining, the species as a whole is not currently considered threatened.

Relationship with Humans

The Scarlet Ibis holds significant cultural importance in Trinidad and Tobago, where it is a national bird and features on the country's coat of arms. It is also a focal species for conservation efforts in the region, particularly within the Caroni Swamp wildlife sanctuary.