White-rumped Sandpiper

The White-rumped Sandpiper, Calidris fuscicollis, is a diminutive shorebird, a member of the vast avian tapestry of the northern tundra. Its plumage is a subtle blend of grey-brown with a distinctive white eye stripe, and it sports a medium-length, slender, dark beak and dark legs. This species is often confused with other sandpipers due to its similar appearance.

Identification Tips

When observing this elusive bird, look for its long wings that extend just beyond the tail and the characteristic white rump patch visible in flight. Additionally, a thin white wing stripe and flank markings can aid in distinguishing it from its congeners.

Habitat

During the breeding season, the White-rumped Sandpiper favors the marshy, vegetated expanses of the Arctic tundra in Alaska and Canada. Outside of breeding, it can be found in a variety of wetland habitats, from freshwater lagoons to estuarine marshes, though it tends to eschew sandy shores and turbulent waters.

Distribution

This species is a remarkable long-distance migrant, wintering in the southern reaches of South America and the Caribbean. Sightings are most common during spring and fall migrations in temperate zones near water bodies.

Behaviour

The White-rumped Sandpiper is a master of camouflage, its cryptic coloration blending seamlessly with its surroundings. It is a nearctic migrant, undertaking an epic journey from the northern breeding grounds to the southern wintering areas, with migration routes influenced by weather patterns.

Song & Calls

The bird's vocal repertoire includes a series of "pip, pip, pip" notes and a distinctive metallic "tzeep" call, reminiscent of pebbles clashing, which can be a giveaway when amidst a flock of shorebirds.

Breeding

Females construct the nest, a cup-shaped depression lined with lichen, leaves, and moss, often concealed within moss or grass clumps. Males perform a unique display, both in the air and on the ground, to defend their territory and attract a mate.

Similar Species

The Baird's Sandpiper shares the trait of long wings but lacks the white rump, serving as a key differentiator between the two species.

Diet and Feeding

The White-rumped Sandpiper's diet is primarily composed of small invertebrates, such as molluscs, crustaceans, and insects. However, seeds and moss have also been documented as part of their diet, suggesting opportunistic feeding habits.

Conservation status

The IUCN Red List currently classifies the White-rumped Sandpiper as Least Concern, indicating a stable population without immediate threats to its survival.