Hudsonian Whimbrel

The Hudsonian Whimbrel, Numenius hudsonicus, is a medium-sized wader belonging to the large family Scolopacidae. It is a species of curlew, notable for its greyish-brown plumage and the distinctive long, curved bill, which is particularly elongated in adult females. The bird measures 37–47 cm in length, spans a wingspan of 75–90 cm, and weighs between 270–493 g.

Identification Tips

When identifying the Hudsonian Whimbrel, look for its smaller size compared to larger curlews, a shorter and decurved bill, a central crown stripe, and pronounced supercilia. The rump pattern is consistent with the upperparts, and the bird exhibits a generally wary demeanor.

Habitat

This species is adapted to subarctic climates, breeding across the vast expanses of North America's tundra and Arctic moorlands.

Distribution

The Hudsonian Whimbrel is a migratory bird, breeding in the subarctic regions of North America and wintering along the coasts of southern North America and South America. It is also commonly found in coastal areas during migration.

Behaviour

Outside of the breeding season, the Hudsonian Whimbrel is known to be fairly gregarious. It is a migratory species, undertaking long journeys between its breeding and wintering grounds.

Song & Calls

The characteristic call of the Hudsonian Whimbrel is a rippling whistle, which extends into a trill when the bird is singing.

Breeding

The breeding grounds are found on the tundra or Arctic moorland, where the bird lays its eggs in a simple scrape on the ground. Clutches typically consist of three to five eggs. Adults are notably defensive of their nesting area, to the extent of attacking humans who venture too close.

Similar Species

The most common species similar to the Hudsonian Whimbrel within its range are larger curlews. However, the whimbrel can be distinguished by its smaller size, shorter bill, and distinctive head markings.

Diet and Feeding

The diet of the Hudsonian Whimbrel consists of probing soft mud for small invertebrates and picking off small crabs and similar prey from the surface. Berries become a significant part of their diet before migration.

Conservation Status

The Hudsonian Whimbrel is currently listed as Secure by NatureServe, indicating a stable population. Although historically affected by hunting, the species has since shown recovery.