Lesser Flamingo

The lesser flamingo, Phoeniconaias minor, stands as the most diminutive member of its flamboyant family. Despite its smaller stature, it remains a sizable bird, with adults typically weighing between 1.2 to 2.7 kg and reaching a height of 80 to 90 cm. The species exhibits a predominantly pinkish-white plumage, with the most striking feature being the extensive black on its bill, a key characteristic distinguishing it from its close relative, the greater flamingo.

Identification Tips

When observing these creatures, one should note the significant black coloration on the bill, which is a reliable identifier when comparing with the greater flamingo. Size can be deceptive, as there is sexual dimorphism within the species, but the presence of both species in one location can aid in differentiation.

Habitat

Lesser flamingos favor environments with highly alkaline or saline lakes, lagoons, and mudflats. These habitats are often inhospitable to many other forms of life, yet they thrive in these conditions.

Distribution

This species is indigenous to sub-Saharan Africa and western India, with occasional sightings further north, typically regarded as vagrants.

Behaviour

The lesser flamingo is a gregarious bird, often found in large flocks. They are known for their synchronized movements and group behaviors, particularly during their spectacular courtship displays.

Breeding

Breeding primarily occurs in the caustic waters of Lake Natron, with other sites including Etosha Pan, Makgadikgadi Pan, and Kamfers Dam. They construct mud mounds to lay a single egg, and after hatching, chicks are reared in massive creches, sometimes exceeding 100,000 individuals.

Similar Species

The greater flamingo is the most similar species, but can be distinguished by the lesser extent of black on its bill and generally larger size.

Diet and Feeding

Lesser flamingos have a specialized diet, feeding primarily on Spirulina algae found in their alkaline habitats. Their deep bills are uniquely adapted to filter these tiny food items from the water.

Conservation status

The lesser flamingo is currently classified as Near Threatened. Its population is in decline, and it faces threats from habitat loss due to human activity, pollution, and proposed industrial developments. Conservation efforts are focused on protecting their breeding grounds and ensuring the sustainability of their populations.