Flame-throated Warbler

The flame-throated warbler, Oreothlypis gutturalis, is a diminutive avian jewel of the New World warbler family. Adults measure a mere 12 cm in length and tip the scales at a lightweight 10 grams. Their plumage is a study in contrast, with slate grey adorning their upper parts, and a striking vermilion gracing their throat and breast. This vivid coloration is set against a backdrop of a whitish belly. Males and females are similar in appearance, though the male boasts a more extensive black mask. Juveniles present a more subdued palette, with browner upper parts, a less vibrant underside, and subtle buff eyestripe and wing bars.

Identification Tips

When attempting to identify this species, look for the characteristic black lores and eye surround, as well as the unmistakable vermilion throat and breast. The sharp, pointed bill is an adaptation for their insectivorous diet. The young can be distinguished by their more muted coloration and the presence of buff markings on the face and wings.

Habitat

The flame-throated warbler is a denizen of the Talamancan montane forests, favoring the canopy, woodland edges, and clearings with trees. They are typically found at elevations ranging from 2,100 meters up to the timberline, though they may descend to 1,400 meters on the Caribbean slope during the wet season.

Distribution

This species is a resident breeder, with its range confined to the highlands of Costa Rica and western Panama.

Behaviour

The flame-throated warbler is a solitary nester, constructing a deep cup nest that is cunningly sheltered by epiphytes or mosses in a tree or on a low bank. Breeding season sees the laying of two white eggs between March and May. While territorial during breeding, these warblers are sociable outside of the season, often joining mixed-species feeding flocks.

Song & calls

The warbler's vocalizations include a sharp "chit" call and a distinctive song that can be described as a buzzing "pi pipipipi shwaaaa."

Breeding

Breeding occurs from March to May, with the warbler crafting a well-concealed nest and laying a clutch of two white eggs.

Diet and Feeding

Caterpillars, insects, and spiders make up the diet of the flame-throated warbler. They adeptly pick their prey from foliage using their finely honed bills.

Conservation status

The flame-throated warbler is currently listed as Least Concern by the IUCN, indicating a stable population without immediate threats to its survival.