Swainson's Warbler

Swainson's warbler, scientifically known as Limnothlypis swainsonii, is a modestly plumaged, yet relatively large songbird within the New World warbler family. Adult individuals typically measure between 12.5 to 16 cm in length and weigh between 11 to 20.5 grams. They boast a wingspan that averages around 23 cm. Their upperparts are cloaked in an unassuming olive-brown, while their underparts are a pale yellow-white. A distinctive whitish eyebrow stripe graces the area above their eyes, and the crown of their head is adorned with a rusty brown hue. Unlike many of their warbler cousins, males and females are indistinguishable in their appearance.

Identification Tips

When attempting to identify Swainson's warbler, look for the following key characteristics: a plain olive-brown back, pale yellow-white underparts, a whitish eyebrow stripe, and a rusty brown cap. Their larger size compared to other warblers may also aid in identification.

Habitat

These warblers favor the secluded flooded swamplands and canebrakes of the southeastern United States. Occasionally, they can be found in the rhododendron thickets of the southern Appalachian Mountains, demonstrating their adaptability to different dense understory environments.

Distribution

Swainson's warblers are a migratory species with a breeding range that spans the southeastern United States. During the winter months, some head southeast to the Greater Antilles, including the Blue Mountains of Jamaica, while others venture southwest to the Yucatán Peninsula region.

Behaviour

Swainson's warblers are known to begin their breeding activities around the age of 10 months. They are territorial during this time, with pairs forming and defending their chosen nesting area.

Breeding

The breeding process involves the construction of a fairly large and bulky nest, composed of moss, grass, and small leaves, strategically placed above ground in a tangle of tall reeds or vines. Females lay a clutch of three to five eggs, which are white and occasionally speckled with brown. Incubation is solely the female's responsibility and lasts approximately 14 days. Once hatched, the young warblers will fledge the nest after about 12 days. Pair bonds, once established, tend to be exclusive for at least the duration of the breeding season.

Conservation status

Swainson's warbler is currently classified as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List, indicating that, at present, there are no immediate threats to its population numbers.