Bachman's Sparrow

The Bachman's Sparrow (Peucaea aestivalis), also known as the pinewoods sparrow or oakwoods sparrow, is a modestly sized New World sparrow endemic to the southeastern United States. This bird, named in honor of Reverend John Bachman, exhibits rufous brown upperparts and crown, with a distinctive gray face marked by a rufous brown eyestripe. The nape, back, and primaries are streaked with gray and black, while the breast is buff-colored, transitioning to a whitish belly. Adults typically measure between 12.2–16.2 cm in length and weigh 18.4–23 g.

Identification Tips

When identifying Bachman's Sparrow, look for the combination of rufous brown upperparts, a gray face with a rufous eyestripe, and a buff breast. The streaking on the nape and back, along with the bird's size and coloration, are key distinguishing features.

Habitat

Bachman's Sparrows favor open pine forests, where they can be found amidst a dense layer of ground vegetation and an open mid-story with scattered shrubs and saplings.

Distribution

This species is primarily found in the southeastern United States, ranging from central Florida north to southeastern North Carolina, and west through parts of Tennessee, Kentucky, Missouri, to eastern Oklahoma and eastern Texas.

Behaviour

Bachman's Sparrows are predominantly non-migratory, though some northern populations may retreat southward in winter. They are known for their secretive nature, often walking on the ground rather than flying, and can be difficult to detect outside of the breeding season.

Song & Calls

The song of the Bachman's Sparrow begins with a clear whistle, followed by a short trill, often heard during the breeding season.

Breeding

Breeding occurs in open pine forests, with the domed nest typically built on the ground near grass clumps or bushes. Females lay three to five eggs, and the species is known to raise two broods per season, with a possibility of a third in some cases.

Similar Species

Bachman's Sparrow can be confused with other sparrows, but its unique coloration, habitat preference, and song distinguish it from similar species.

Diet and Feeding

As granivores, Bachman's Sparrows primarily consume seeds from a variety of grasses and other plants, supplementing their diet with arthropods, particularly during spring and fall.

Conservation status

The Bachman's Sparrow is classified as Near Threatened by the IUCN and Vulnerable by NatureServe. Habitat loss and degradation are major factors contributing to its decline, with prescribed forest burns potentially aiding in recovery efforts.