Southern Black Flycatcher

The Southern Black Flycatcher, known scientifically as Melaenornis pammelaina, presents a striking figure with its entirely black plumage. This small passerine bird, a member of the Muscicapidae family, is characterized by its black beak, black legs, and a distinctive brown iris. The square-cut tail of this species is a notable feature that sets it apart from its avian peers.

Identification Tips

When observing the Southern Black Flycatcher, one should note the uniform blackness of its feathers, which can be a key distinguishing factor. The brown iris contrasts with the blackness of its body, and the tail's shape is a reliable identifier, especially when differentiating it from the similar Fork-tailed Drongo, which boasts a red iris and a long forked tail.

Habitat

This bird favors environments that offer a blend of open spaces and light woodland. It thrives near riparian zones, on the fringes of plantations, and even in domestic gardens. The Southern Black Flycatcher is often found amongst miombo woodlands, acacia thorn trees, and mopane forests.

Distribution

The Southern Black Flycatcher's domain stretches across eastern and southern Africa, with sightings reported from Somalia to South Africa. Its range encompasses a variety of countries including Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda, and many others within this region.

Behaviour

Insectivorous by nature, the Southern Black Flycatcher's diet consists of beetles, termites, locusts, and other small invertebrates. It employs a sit-and-wait hunting strategy, perching patiently before swooping down on its prey. Occasionally, it may be seen sipping nectar or feasting on berries. This bird is known to forage in small groups and may associate with Fork-tailed Drongos, possibly for the advantages of reduced predation risk and increased foraging success.

Breeding

Breeding season for the Southern Black Flycatcher spans from May to January, with a peak in September and October. Nests are artfully constructed in natural tree cavities or behind loose bark, and occasionally in more unconventional locations. The nests, cup-shaped and crafted from twigs and grasses, cradle up to four eggs. Incubation is roughly two weeks, with fledglings venturing from the nest within fifteen to twenty days.

Conservation status

The IUCN has classified the Southern Black Flycatcher as "Least Concern." This status reflects the bird's extensive range, estimated at 4,000,000 square kilometers, and its stable population numbers. It is considered to be common throughout parts of its range.