Brown-headed Nuthatch

The Brown-headed Nuthatch, Sitta pusilla, is a diminutive songbird with a striking brown cap and a sharp, nail-like beak. It is characterized by its buff white cheeks, chin, and belly, with bluish-gray wings and a distinctive white spot at the nape. This bird measures a mere 9–11 cm in length, with a wingspan of 16–18 cm, and weighs between 10–12 grams.

Identification Tips

When identifying the Brown-headed Nuthatch, look for its brown cap contrasted with a narrow black eyeline. Its small size is comparable to the Pygmy Nuthatch, and it is distinguishable in the wild by its unique vocalizations and coloration, which differ from the larger Red-breasted and White-breasted Nuthatches.

Habitat

This species is endemic to pine forests, where it can be observed engaging in its natural behaviors.

Distribution

The Brown-headed Nuthatch is found throughout the Southeastern United States, with genetic studies showing low differentiation between northern and southern populations in Florida.

Behaviour

The Brown-headed Nuthatch exhibits a range of social behaviors, including cooperative breeding, where groups of adults care for a single nest. It is known for its boldness and inquisitiveness, often approaching humans without hesitation. This bird also uses tools such as bark chips and pine needles to forage for insects.

Song & Calls

The bird's call is a sharp "whee-yah," reminiscent of a rubber duck, and is surprisingly loud for its size. It also emits softer "pit pit pit" calls in flight and other squeaking noises.

Breeding

Cooperative breeding is a notable aspect of this species' reproductive behavior, with multiple adults providing care at a single nest. Genetic assessments suggest that some non-breeding adults may actually breed with individuals in neighboring territories.

Similar Species

While similar in size to the Pygmy Nuthatch, the Brown-headed Nuthatch can be distinguished by its unique vocalizations and coloration patterns.

Diet and Feeding

This nuthatch is particularly fond of sunflower seeds and suet cakes, often visiting feeding stations to partake in these treats.

Conservation status

The Brown-headed Nuthatch is currently listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List, indicating a stable population status.