Green-fronted Lancebill

The Green-fronted Lancebill, Doryfera ludovicae, is a hummingbird species notable for its remarkably elongated bill and the distinctive, shimmering green patch adorning its forehead. This avian jewel exhibits a drab grey-green underbelly, with a coppery hue gracing the nape and sides of the neck, merging into a vibrant green that dominates the crown and back. The iridescence of its plumage causes it to fluctuate between shades of green, teal, and turquoise, depending on the light.

Identification Tips

To identify the Green-fronted Lancebill, look for the unique combination of its long, spear-like bill, which can range from 29mm to 36.5mm, and the sparkling green frontal patch, particularly pronounced in males. The bird's overall plumage is a muted grey-green on the breast and belly, with a coppery nape and a rich green back. There is no significant size difference between males and females in terms of body length and beak proportions.

Habitat

This species thrives in subtropical and tropical moist montane forests, with a strong preference for areas adjacent to swiftly flowing rivers and streams.

Distribution

The Green-fronted Lancebill has a disjunct distribution across the Talamancan montane forests, the Serranía del Darién, and the northern Andes. It is a non-migratory bird, often found concentrated around ideal habitats due to its specific ecological requirements.

Behaviour

The Green-fronted Lancebill is a solitary bird, with feeding habits that reflect a co-evolution with flowers that have long, curved corollas. It is not known to have a single floral partner but is adapted to feed on nectar from a variety of epiphytes, including mistletoe.

Breeding

Only the female is involved in nest construction, which is strategically placed on vertical overhangs or within the moss on cliff faces, sheltered from the elements. The nests are crafted from spider webs, moss, and lichen, with the webbing acting as a binding agent. The incubation period lasts 20-21 days, and the altricial chicks require a nestling period of 29-30 days.

Similar Species

The Green-fronted Lancebill can be confused with its sister species, the Blue-fronted Lancebill (Doryfera johannae), but can be distinguished by its green forehead patch and habitat preferences.

Diet and Feeding

The Green-fronted Lancebill's diet consists primarily of nectar, which it obtains from the flowers of epiphytes. Its long and slightly upturned bill is perfectly adapted for accessing nectar from flowers with deep corollas.

Conservation status

The IUCN classifies the Green-fronted Lancebill as "Least Concern," with an estimated population of over 10,000 mature individuals. Conservation efforts are minimal, and research on this and related species is limited.