Golden-headed Cisticola

The Golden-headed Cisticola, or Cisticola exilis, is a diminutive warbler of the Cisticolidae family. This species, also known as the Bright-capped Cisticola, is a master of camouflage and transformation, particularly during the breeding season when males don a resplendent golden-orange crown and a golden body, contrasting with their usual brown and cream plumage.

Identification Tips

Outside the breeding season, both sexes of the Golden-headed Cisticola are characterized by a cream underside and a brown upperside with dark streaks. The wings are black with buff edges, and the head bears a dull gold hue. During the breeding season, males exhibit a shorter tail and a striking golden-orange head, setting them apart from similar species such as the Black-backed Cisticola and the Zitting Cisticola, which lack the rich golden head.

Habitat

This species thrives in a variety of grass-rich environments, including grassy hills, savannas, woodlands, scrublands, rivers, wetlands, and irrigated farmlands. It favors tall, dense grasses and, outside the breeding season, tends to stay close to the ground.

Distribution

The Golden-headed Cisticola has an extensive range across Australia and thirteen Asian countries. It is the most common cisticola from India to the Philippines and is widely distributed across its range, which is estimated to cover over 36 million square kilometers.

Behaviour

An omnivore, the Golden-headed Cisticola forages on the ground, skillfully using vegetation to conceal itself as it hunts for insects, small slugs, and grass seeds. It is typically sedentary but may wander or partially migrate in response to habitat changes. This bird is often solitary or found in small flocks, though larger groups may form outside the breeding season.

Song & Calls

The Golden-headed Cisticola is known for its diverse vocalizations, which include a "teewip" and a "wheezz, whit-whit." When calling, it displays a crest on its head, adding a visual element to its communication.

Breeding

Breeding coincides with the rainy season, which varies by region. The male's courtship display involves a high, circling flight accompanied by song. Nests are artfully constructed with green leaves, soft plant down, and grass, stitched together with spider silk. Both sexes build the nest, but the female takes on the role of seamstress. Typically, three to four eggs are laid, incubated by the female for 11 days, with a hatching success rate of 32%.

Similar Species

The Golden-headed Cisticola can be confused with the Black-backed Cisticola and the Zitting Cisticola, but its breeding plumage and distinct vocalizations help differentiate it.

Diet and Feeding

This species primarily consumes invertebrates and grass seeds, foraging among plants and moving stealthily to capture its prey.

Conservation Status

The IUCN lists the Golden-headed Cisticola as Least Concern, with a population that is believed to be increasing. Its population density varies, but it is generally found in healthy numbers across its vast range.