Long-tailed Tit

The long-tailed tit, or Aegithalos caudatus, is a diminutive bird, notable for its distinctive tail that exceeds the length of its body. This charming avian measures a mere 13–15 cm from beak to tail tip, with the tail accounting for 7–9 cm of this length. Both sexes are similar in appearance, and juveniles don a complete adult plumage after their first moult. The bird's plumage is a delightful mix of black, white, grey, and pink hues.

Identification Tips

When attempting to identify the long-tailed tit, look for its round body, short bill, and the remarkably elongated tail that gives this species its name. The plumage is predominantly black and white, with varying degrees of grey and pink depending on the individual.

Habitat

The long-tailed tit thrives in a variety of environments, including deciduous and mixed woodlands with a rich undergrowth, edges of forests, and scrublands. It is also a common sight in heathlands with scattered trees, farmlands with hedges, and riverine woodlands, as well as parks and gardens.

Distribution

This species enjoys a broad range across temperate Northern Europe and extends into the Palearctic, reaching into boreal Scandinavia and dipping south into the Mediterranean zone.

Behaviour

The long-tailed tit is a sociable bird, often seen in flocks outside the breeding season. These flocks are family-based, with parents and offspring from the previous breeding season banding together, sometimes joined by additional adults. They defend territories against other flocks and exhibit a strong preference for roosting communally, which aids in survival during cold nights.

Song & Calls

The long-tailed tit communicates with a repertoire of calls, including a high-pitched 'pit', a 'triple trill' eez-eez-eez, and a rattling 'schnuur'. These vocalisations are especially useful for birdwatchers trying to locate these often-heard-before-seen birds.

Breeding

During the breeding season, long-tailed tits pair off into monogamous couples, with males typically staying within their winter territory and females sometimes venturing to adjacent territories. Nest failure can lead to a variety of responses, including re-nesting attempts, helping at the nest of a relative, or ceasing breeding efforts for the season.

Similar Species

The long-tailed tit can be confused with other tit species, but its distinctive tail length and social behaviour are key differentiators.

Diet and Feeding

Insectivorous by nature, the long-tailed tit feeds primarily on arthropods, with a particular fondness for the eggs and larvae of moths and butterflies. It may also consume seeds in the autumn.

Conservation status

The long-tailed tit is classified as 'Least Concern' by the IUCN. While it can be susceptible to population declines during harsh winters, it typically recovers quickly due to its high breeding potential.