Southern Rough-winged Swallow

The Southern Rough-winged Swallow (Stelgidopteryx ruficollis) presents itself as a modestly sized swallow, measuring approximately 13.5 cm in length and tipping the scales at a mere 15 grams. Its plumage is a subdued brown on the upper parts, with a contrasting pale grey rump. The wings and tail are a darker blackish hue. A rufous throat and upper breast give way to a yellowish-white on the lower underparts. The tail is subtly forked, adding to its streamlined silhouette.

Identification Tips

When identifying this species, look for the rufous throat and upper breast, which are distinctive. The serrated edge of the outer primary feathers on the wing, which gives this bird its "rough-winged" moniker, is a unique feature, though it is not readily visible unless the bird is in hand. Compared to its northern relative, the Northern Rough-winged Swallow, the Southern Rough-winged Swallow is more uniform in color, especially on the rump.

Habitat

This swallow favors open areas and forest clearings, where it can be seen gracefully maneuvering through the air.

Distribution

The Southern Rough-winged Swallow is a resident of Central and South America, with its range extending from Honduras to northern Argentina and Uruguay, including Trinidad. The southern populations, specifically those of the nominate race S. r. ruficollis, are known to migrate northward during the winter, while the northern S. r. aequalis subspecies tends to be sedentary.

Behaviour

In flight, these swallows exhibit a slow, deliberate style, often flying low to the ground. They do not form colonies, preferring solitary or small group living. Nesting occurs in grass-lined cavities, which can include natural formations or abandoned nests of other species such as kingfishers and jacamars.

Song & Calls

The vocalizations of the Southern Rough-winged Swallow can be described as an unmusical chirrup, a simple yet effective means of communication among these aerial acrobats.

Breeding

The female takes on the responsibility of incubating the clutch of 3 to 6 pristine white eggs for a period of 16 to 18 days. Post-hatching, the fledglings will spend approximately 13 days in the nest before taking their first flight.

Diet and Feeding

A diet consisting of insects such as plant bugs, beetles, flies, flying ants, and heteropterans sustains this species. They are adept at capturing their prey mid-flight, showcasing their agility and precision.

Conservation status

The IUCN Red List categorizes the Southern Rough-winged Swallow as Least Concern, indicating a stable population without immediate threats to its survival.