Brown-throated Martin

The Brown-throated Martin, known scientifically as Riparia paludicola, is a diminutive passerine of the swallow family, Hirundinidae. This bird, measuring a mere 12 centimeters in length, presents a brown upper body contrasted with a white or pale brown underbelly. Unlike its relative, the Sand Martin, it does not feature a narrow brown band across the breast. Both sexes appear similar, though juveniles can be distinguished by pale tips on their rump and wing feathers.

Identification Tips

When observing the Brown-throated Martin, note its brown back and small stature, which, coupled with its quicker, more erratic flight pattern, sets it apart from other swallows. The bird's black bill and brown legs are additional identifying features.

Habitat

The Brown-throated Martin is typically found in close association with water bodies, as suggested by its Latin name 'paludicola', meaning 'marsh-dweller'.

Distribution

This species boasts a broad African range and exhibits partial migratory behavior, with some populations undertaking seasonal movements.

Behaviour

The Brown-throated Martin is easily distinguishable from most swallows by its brown back, diminutive size, and a flight that is both swifter and more jerky. It closely resembles the Sand Martin, Riparia riparia, which is its northern counterpart.

Song & Calls

The Brown-throated Martin's vocalizations consist of a twittering song that persists in flight and softens to a conversational murmur when perched. A harsh alarm call is also part of its repertoire.

Breeding

Colonial in its nesting habits, the Brown-throated Martin nests in close proximity to others of its kind, with the number of pairs dictated by available space. Nests are situated at the end of tunnels, ranging from 30 to 60 centimeters in length, burrowed into sandbanks. The nesting chamber is lined with straw and feathers, and a typical clutch comprises two to four white eggs, incubated by both parents.

Diet and Feeding

The diet of the Brown-throated Martin is primarily composed of small insects, with a preference for gnats and other flies that have aquatic larval stages.

Conservation status

The Brown-throated Martin is classified as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List, indicating a stable population without significant threats at present.