Japanese Waxwing

The Japanese waxwing, Bombycilla japonica, is a passerine bird of modest size, measuring approximately 18 cm in length. Its plumage is predominantly a soft pinkish-brown hue, which is complemented by a distinctive pointed crest atop its head.

Identification Tips

This species can be recognized by its black throat and the striking black stripe that extends through the eye. The belly is adorned with a pale yellow center, and the tail is black with a characteristic red tip. The wings display a unique pattern of black, grey, and white, with a reddish-brown stripe that traverses them. Notably, the Japanese waxwing does not possess the row of waxy red feather-tips on the wing that is typical of other waxwing species.

Habitat

During the breeding season, the Japanese waxwing favors the dense coniferous pine forests of the Russian Far East, including regions such as Amur, Manchuria, and Kamchatka, as well as the Heilongjiang province in north-east China.

Distribution

In the winter months, this bird can be found across Japan, the Korean Peninsula, and Eastern China. Its presence is somewhat nomadic, as the waxwing travels in search of seasonal berries, leading to irregular distribution patterns. In Japan, the species is generally observed from November through April, with a notable presence in south-western regions where it outnumbers the Bohemian waxwing.

Behaviour

The Japanese waxwing is known to form mixed flocks with the Bohemian waxwing. It is a mobile species, often moving in response to food availability. During the non-breeding season, it frequents open woodlands, farmlands, and low mountains, and is also a common visitor to berry-laden trees in parks and gardens.

Song & Calls

The call of the Japanese waxwing is a high-pitched trill, although it does not have a true song.

Breeding

The nest of the Japanese waxwing is a cup-shaped structure composed of twigs, lined with grass and moss, and is typically situated within a tree.

Similar Species

The Bohemian waxwing is similar in appearance but can be distinguished by its larger size, yellow tail-tip, greyish belly center, and the presence of a row of waxy red tips on the wings, which the Japanese waxwing lacks.

Diet and Feeding

The diet of the Japanese waxwing is primarily fruit and berries, but it also consumes insects during the summer months.

Conservation Status

The Japanese waxwing is currently classified as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List, facing threats from habitat loss and degradation.