Sri Lanka Spurfowl

The Sri Lanka spurfowl, Galloperdix bicalcarata, is a robust bird endemic to the lush rainforests of Sri Lanka. Measuring approximately 37 cm in length, it is a member of the pheasant family, Phasianidae, and is known locally as haban kukula.

Identification Tips

Males are distinguished by their striking black and white dorsal plumage, which extends to the head, and vivid crimson red legs and bare facial skin. They also feature extensive white ocellation on the sepia wings and upper back. Females, on the other hand, have chestnut underparts with a more subdued brown back and wings, and are more prominently crested than the males. Both sexes possess multiple metatarsal spurs on their legs, a characteristic that inspires the species' name.

Habitat

This secretive bird is found in the dense rainforests of Sri Lanka, where it adeptly navigates the thick undergrowth.

Distribution

The Sri Lanka spurfowl is confined to its namesake island, where it can be spotted in locations such as Kitulgala and Sinharaja.

Behaviour

Despite its size, the Sri Lanka spurfowl is elusive, often detected only by its distinctive ringing call. It is a ground-dwelling bird, known for its vigorous scratching in the leaf litter in search of food.

Song & Calls

The bird's presence is often betrayed by its call, a series of three-syllabled whistles that resonate through the forest.

Breeding

A ground-nesting species, the Sri Lanka spurfowl lays 2-5 eggs in a simple scrape on the forest floor.

Diet and Feeding

The diet of the Sri Lanka spurfowl is varied, including invertebrates such as mollusks and insects, as well as seeds, fallen fruit, and spiders. It forages by scratching through the leaf litter.

Conservation status

The Sri Lanka spurfowl is currently classified as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List, indicating a stable population within its limited range.