Cape Spurfowl

The Cape spurfowl, or Cape francolin, is a robust gamebird of the pheasant family, Phasianidae, and is the largest francolin native to southern Africa. It is a bird that, from afar, appears uniformly dark save for its striking red legs. Upon closer inspection, one can appreciate its finely vermiculated grey and white plumage, with a plainer crown and nape. The male is distinguishable by his two leg spurs, while the female may have a single, shorter spur.

Identification Tips

Adult Cape spurfowls measure between 40–42 cm in length. Males are heftier, weighing in at 600–915 grams, while females are lighter at 435–659 grams. Juveniles resemble adults but have duller leg coloration and more pronounced vermiculations. The species is unlikely to be confused with others within its range due to its size and distinctive leg coloration.

Habitat

This species thrives in the strandveld, renosterveld, and fynbos regions of the Western Cape, favoring areas near water. It is also found in the succulent karoo and along riverbanks in the Nama karoo.

Distribution

Endemic to southern Africa, the Cape spurfowl is predominantly found in the Western Cape province of South Africa and extends locally northward to southern Namibia. It has been introduced to Robben Island, where it enjoys a parasite-free environment.

Behaviour

The Cape spurfowl is a ground-dwelling bird that prefers scrubby open areas. It is most vocal during the breeding season in spring and early summer. When disturbed, it tends to run rather than fly, though it is capable of strong flight from a young age. This species can become quite tame in areas with limited disturbance, often feeding in gardens or alongside farmyard chickens.

Song & Calls

The call of the Cape spurfowl is a distinctive and loud "cackalac-cackalac-cackalac," particularly resonant during the breeding season.

Breeding

Breeding occurs in spring and early summer. The nest is a simple grass-lined scrape under a bush, where typically six to eight eggs are laid. Occasionally, two females may share a nest.

Similar Species

The Cape spurfowl's closest relative is the Natal spurfowl, which shares a similar vermiculated plumage but is distinguishable by range and specific markings.

Diet and Feeding

This adaptable bird forages in a variety of altered habitats, including parks, croplands, orchards, vineyards, and areas with invasive rooikrans.

Conservation status

The Cape spurfowl is classified as Least Concern by the IUCN, indicating that it is not currently threatened. Its adaptability to altered environments has likely contributed to its stable status.