Senegal Parrot

The Senegal parrot, Poicephalus senegalus, is a small, vibrant bird with a charming appearance. It measures approximately 23 centimeters in length and weighs between 120 to 170 grams. The species boasts a large head and beak proportionate to its body size, and its plumage includes a short, broad tail. Adults are characterized by a charcoal grey head, a grey beak, and bright yellow irises. Their back and throat are green, transitioning into a yellow underparts and rump. The yellow and green hues on their front form a distinctive V-shape, reminiscent of a yellow vest over green attire.

Identification Tips

While Senegal parrots are not sexually dimorphic, certain subtle differences may suggest the gender of an adult bird. Females often have a longer V-shaped "vest," with the green area extending down to between the legs, whereas males typically have the green area ending midway down the chest. Females may also have a slightly smaller and narrower head and beak compared to males. The under-tail covert feathers are usually yellow in males and green in females. Size and weight can also be indicators, with males generally being larger and heavier. However, DNA testing remains the most reliable method for determining sex.

Habitat

Senegal parrots inhabit open woodlands and savannas, thriving in the diverse landscapes of West Africa.

Distribution

This species is a resident breeder across a wide range of West Africa, with migrations within the region in response to the availability of their diet, which consists mainly of fruit, seeds, and blossoms.

Behaviour

Senegal parrots are known for their sociable nature, often found in flocks and engaging in continuous chatter. Their vocalizations include a variety of whistles and squawks. In the wild, they can live for approximately 25–30 years, with some reaching up to 50 years in captivity.

Song & Calls

The Senegal parrot communicates through a range of high-pitched whistles and squawks, and while they can mimic sounds, they are not as vocally robust as other parrot species.

Breeding

These parrots nest in tree holes, commonly in oil palms, and lay three to four white eggs. The female incubates the eggs for about 27 to 28 days. Chicks are born with sparse white down and open their eyes after two to three weeks. They fledge at about 9 weeks old and gain independence around 12 weeks after hatching.

Similar Species

The Senegal parrot is part of the Poicephalus genus, which includes several other species with similar size and features but different color patterns and distributions.

Diet and Feeding

Their diet is predominantly fruit-based, with figs, African grapes, and shea fruits being the most common. Seeds constitute about 22% of their diet, with the occasional consumption of flowers.

Conservation status

The Senegal parrot is classified as Least Concern by the IUCN, but its population is difficult to estimate due to its vast range. It is listed on appendix 2 of CITES, which regulates the trade of wild-caught parrots.

Aviculture

Pets

Senegal parrots are a favored choice for pets, particularly hand-reared individuals. They are known for their friendly disposition and comparative independence, requiring ample sleep during the day. Wild-caught individuals are not recommended as pets due to their resistance to taming.

Breeding

In captivity, Senegal parrots can breed from the age of 3 to 4 years, with some not breeding until 5 years old. They are relatively easy to breed, with a variety of nest box sizes and shapes suitable for their needs.