Cardinals & Allies

The Cardinalidae family, also known as cardinals, is comprised of medium to large New World songbirds including cardinals, grosbeaks, and buntings, along with tanager-like and warbler-like species. Despite diverse physical traits, these birds are grouped by genetic similarities. Many species in this family display striking red, yellow, or blue plumage, particularly in breeding males, and are monogamous, sharing the duties of incubation and rearing the young. These birds often nest in open cups and live in trees, although species like the dickcissel prefer prairie grounds. Most cardinalids are not threatened, but some face endangerment due to habitat loss and climate change, which could impact many more species in the future. Cardinalids share features such as large or stout bills, necessary for seed-crushing, except for some like the Granatellus and buntings, which have smaller bills suited for different diets. These birds have a varied molting process, with tropical males maintaining consistent coloration year-round, and females typically exhibiting more subdued tones. Cardinalids have been traditionally linked to finches but are now seen as close relatives to tanagers. The family spans a vast range from Canada to Argentina, occupying diverse habitats and demonstrating a range of migration patterns, with many North American species traveling south for the winter. Feeding mainly on seeds and fruits, cardinalids incorporate insects into their diet during breeding season. Most are solitary foragers, some frequenting bird feeders in the winter. Their reproductive strategies are mostly monogamous, save for a few exceptions like the polygynous dickcissel. Cardinalids are known for their vivid songs, with a handful of species allowing females to sing as well. Nest-building and incubation duties are typically shared among mates. Conservation efforts are crucial for some species impacted by habitat loss and climate change, although the majority of cardinalids are currently not considered at risk. However, the uncertain fate of the possibly extinct or variant Townsend's bunting highlights the challenges in classification and conservation within this bird family.