Plovers

The Charadriidae family, consisting of about 64 to 68 species, includes plovers, dotterels, and lapwings. These birds were first categorized by William Elford Leach in 1820 and are generally small to medium-sized with compact bodies, short necks, and long, pointed wings, though lapwings can have rounder wings. Their bills and toes are typically short, while the tail length can vary. They exhibit little sexual dimorphism, meaning males and females look similar. Size varies as seen between the tiny collared plover and the larger masked lapwing. Found globally in open areas near water, their habitats can range from deserts to grasslands. Charadriidae visually hunt for invertebrates and plant material, foraging with a distinctive run-and-pause technique. Most species are socially monogamous, though mating practices can vary from polygyny to sequential polyandry. Breeding involves highly visible territorial displays and the laying of two to four eggs in a ground scrape, which are incubated for 21–30 days. The distribution of incubation duties between the parents can vary widely. Charadriidae are protective of their eggs and young, using alarm calls, distraction displays, and even direct attacks to deter predators. Chicks are born precocial and are not fed by their parents.